<p>Sedan Crater is the result of the Sedan nuclear test and is located within the Nevada Test Site, 12 mi southwest of Groom Lake, Nevada . The crater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1994. The crater is a man-made object that can be seen from earth orbit with the unaided eye.</p><br>
<p>The crater is the result of the displacement of 12,000,000 ST of earth. Over 10,000 visitors per year visit the crater through free monthly tours offered by the USA Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. Its closest Soviet counterpart is the slightly wider Chagan crater which filled in to create Lake Chagan.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The 1,280 by crater was created on July 6, 1962 by a 104 ktonTNT thermonuclear explosion. The device was buried 635 ft below the desert floor in Area 10 of Yucca Flat and was the largest cratering shot in the Plowshare Program. The explosion created fallout that affected more US residents than any other nuclear test, exposing more than 13 million people to radiation and marked the end of the program. Within 7 months of the excavation, the bottom of the crater could be safely walked upon with no protective clothing and photographs were taken.</p><br>
<p>Because the craters at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) have features similar to the topography of Moon craters, 11 of the 12 American astronauts who walked on the moon trained in Nevada before their missions.</p><br>
<p>Russian thistle, also known as tumbleweed, is the primary plant species along with some grasses. Analysis in 1993 observed that the original perennial shrubs once living there had shown no recovery.</p><br>
<h2>Statistics</h2><br>
<p>Maximum depth320 ft</p><br>
<p>Maximum diameter1,280 ft</p><br>
<p>Volume6.6 e6cuyd</p><br>
<p>Weight of material lifted12 e6ST</p><br>
<p>Maximum lip height100 ft</p><br>
<p>Minimum lip height20 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Watatic is a 1,832 foot monadnock located just south of the Massachusetts-New Hampshire border, at the southern end of the Wapack Range of mountains. It lies within Ashburnham, Massachusetts, Ashby, Massachusetts, and New Ipswich, New Hampshire; the 22 mi Wapack Trail and the 92 mi Midstate Trail both cross the mountain. The Yellow Arrow trail is 1.1 mile.</p><br>
<p>The east and south side of the mountain drains into the Souhegan River watershed, to the Merrimack River thence the Atlantic Ocean; the west and north sides drain into the Millers River watershed, to the Connecticut River, thence into Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>Mount Watatic was the site of a ski area that operated from 1965 until 1984. An attempt to reopen the ski area in 1988 failed. The bald summit of the mountain featured a fire tower, open to the public, until its removal in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, the summit of the mountain was sold to Industrial Communications and Electronics for the development of a 150 ft cellular telephone tower and a road to the summit. In 2002, prior to development of the communications tower, the mountain was purchased for $2,500,000 by the Ashby Land Trust, the Town of Ashby, the Ashburnham Conservation Trust, the Town of Ashburnham, Mass Dept of Fish and Wildlife and Mass Dept of Conservation and Recreation. Unfortunately by this point a road had already been blasted into the ski area (back) side of the mountain, making several of the still maintained ski trails unusable. The purchase resulted in the permanent protection of approximately 281 acre of the mountain, including the summit, as conservation land. In July 2010, Mount Watatic was named one of the "1000 Great Places in Massachusetts" by the State Commission of Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>El Tiradito is a shrine and popular local spot located at 420 South Main Avenue in the Old Barrio area of Downtown Tucson, Arizona. The shrine consists of the crumbling remains of a brick building, with a large metal rack for candles and desert plants now occupying the interior. Large, glass-encased candles, frequently depicting saints of the Roman Catholic Church are lit and left burning at the shrine, both on the stand and along the ledges of the building. Small slips of paper containing prayers or messages of thanks are also often pressed into cracks in the walls or left elsewhere at the shrine, as are other memorial objects. In addition to the faithful who leave these religious objects, El Tiradito is frequented and favored by many Tucsonans, including writers, poets, and other members of the town&#39;s artistic community.</p><br>
<p>According to the Phoenix New Times publication, El Tiradito is the only Catholic shrine in the United States dedicated to a sinner buried in unconsecrated ground. It is said that the man buried there died fighting for the love of a woman. Visitors to this area light candles for the man, hoping his soul will be freed from purgatory. Some of the nooks and crannies of El Tiradito even house the notes and letters of the heartbroken, prayers asking for healing of the heart.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Juan Oliveras, a recently married 18 year old at the time, was the son-in-law of a Mexican Sheep Rancher. Juan has been locally considered as a sort of part folk hero and part myth for over 140 years. His death resulted from a very steamy secret love affair with his Mother-In-Law, the wife of a very powerful, wealthy sheep rancher in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Barrio Viejo is often referred to as the real "soul" of Tucson, though much of its Spanish Colonial architecture was bulldozed to make way for the City of Tucson Convention Center. Juans shrine was responsible for stopping the governments plans for a freeway that would have destroyed and gone right through what is now left of the Barrio Viejo. Only a well loved martyr could be worthy of such constant homage as seen in this small shrine. Votive candles, prayers and wishes have been delivered every night for over 140 years to El Tiradito (the little throwaway or castaway), Oliveras shrine, by faithful Tucson believers and thousands of others. Juan Oliveras is not a saint, like any of those made by the Catholic Church in Rome. The shrines little grotto actually owes its existence to Juan Oliveras&#39; steamy secret adulterous love affair with his mother-in-law. "He was a sinner, and a lover" said Annie Laos, 74, who led the fight to have the El Tiradito Shrine placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. "El Tiradito Is A Shrine To A Bad Guy," she said.</p><br>
<p>But the sins of this 18-year-old ranch hand, who was often seen frequenting Tucson downtown during the 1870s, while he was employed on his father-in-laws sheep ranch, north of the town, were sins of his heart, mind, and his actions with a married woman, who was no less than his own mother-in-law. El Tiradito is a story of the west, a curse, and a love triangle. Juan Oliveras was in love with his mother-in-law. El Tiradito, also known as the Wishing Shrine, is the burial site of the lovesick Oliveras. Juan, his young wife, and his wifes father, all lived on the father-in-laws large sheep ranch. Juan had become infatuated with his mother-in-law, who lived in her husbands large main home in Tucson.</p><br>
<h2>Murders and Suicides</h2><br>
<p>One day Juan went into town to secretly visit his beautiful mother-in-law. That same day, his rancher father-in-law also went into town on business and surprised his wife and son-in-law having sex in the rancher&#39;s own bed. After many strong words and accusations, a violent fight ensued. Juan got free and fled out the front door yelling for help. But his enraged ax-wielding father-in-law soon caught up to the young man and began attacking him, hitting him repeatedly with the sharp axe blade until Juan died in a large pool of his own blood in the dirt street. The blood-spattered father-in-law fled, and, knowing he would hang for the murder if he was caught, saddled up his best horse and quickly made his escape in a 60-mile ride down to Sonora Mexico before the Tucson Marshals could arrest him.</p><br>
<p>The rancher&#39;s wife was so despondent that she committed suicide. She was found hanging from her balcony that night by a passing freight wagon. The murderer made it to Sonora México, but within days he attempted to return to his Tucson area ranch to herd his animals down to Sonora. Riding his horse on the trail north, up to Tucson, near Tubac he was attacked by a band of Apache Indian raiders. They scalped him, stabbed him, shot him repeatedly, took his guns, took his horse, took his clothes, and tied him naked to a large saguaro cactus along the Nogales to Tucson wagon trail, to die. By morning the southbound stagecoach going from Tucson down to Nogales came upon the gruesome sight of the barely recognizable dead man. His body was cut down from the giant saguaro cactus, wrapped up in a canvass tarp, and lashed down on the back freight area of the stagecoach, which continued on its scheduled run down to Nogales, Sonora, where the body was buried.</p><br>
<p>Despite pleas to the Tucson Catholic Church officials from some of the barrios residents, the Catholic Church refused Juan Oliveras burial on church-sanctioned or owned cemeteries due to the adulterous nature of the young mans sins with the married woman while he himself was also already married to another woman. Instead, Juan was buried on the exact spot where his body was thrown by his enraged father-in-law after he had hacked him to death with the axe. That act gave the present site its name, El Tiradito, (The Little Throwaway... The Castaway.)</p><br>
<p>Soon, the weight of the multiple tragedies of the deaths of both of her parents and her spouse, as well as the betrayal by her husband and mother drove Juans own young widow to desperation and beyond. Pregnant with Juans child, and now living mostly alone on the nearly abandoned ranch north of Tucson, that had belonged to her dead parents; she untied the bucket from the rope going down into the ranch&#39;s deep water well. The beautiful widow tied the rope snugly around her neck, climbed onto the large rocks surrounding the well, and jumped down into it, snapping her neck instantly. Neighboring ranchers found her limp body almost a week later when they visited the ranch to ask her if she wanted any help to move into Tucson. Her body was buried right there on the ranch next to a large old mesquite tree that remains to this day.</p><br>
<p>The Curse of The Wishing Shrine centers predominately on its visitors&#39; motives for their visit, and their own lives. It is said that if one visits with a clear open heart that forgives, they will pass, and they may even get their wish fulfilled. For others, it may just be the beginning of history repeating itself, depending on what they themselves bring to the shrine. Also, it is said that if you light a candle at the shrine and it remains burning all night long without going out by sunrise, your wish may be granted, depending on your motivations.</p><br>
<p>Brides Hill, known also as Sunnybrook, is a historic house near Wheeler, Alabama. It is one of the states earliest surviving and most significant, examples of the Tidewater-type cottage. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on April 16, 1985 and to the National Register of Historic Places on July 9, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A member of the Dandridge family, cousins of Americas first First Lady (Martha Washington), is believed to have built Brides Hill. Its deep cellar, lighted by oblong ground-level windows, houses a basement kitchen-dining room. On the main floor a broad central hall, with a graceful reverse-flight stairway rising to the low half-story above, separates two large rooms. Allegedly a separate brick kitchen structure once stood to the rear. When absorbed into the vast Joseph Wheeler estate in 1907, the house and surrounding farm became known as Sunnybrook. Located in rural Lawrence County, the house has been unoccupied since the 1980s and is in a state of disrepair.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Brought to the early Alabama plantation frontier by settlers from the Tidewater and Piedmont regions of Virginia, this vernacular house-type is usually a story-and-a-half in height, and characterized by prominent end chimneys flanking a steeply pitched roof often pierced by dormer windows.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Udzungwa Mountains are a mountain range southeast of Dodoma in Tanzania and are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains. They are clad mostly in rainforest and house a biodiverse community of flora and fauna with large numbers of endemic species.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>These mountains, with others in the Eastern Arc, were formed more than one hundred million years ago. About thirty million years ago, the area was covered by extensive rainforest. During a cooler and drier period some ten million years ago, the lowland forests were converted to savanna, leaving the mountain ranges as "islands" where the tropical forests continued to flourish. The isolation of each mountain range has led to a great deal of endemism, and a very diverse flora and fauna.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Udzungwa Mountains are covered with tropical rainforest, mountain forest, miombo woodland, grassland, and steppe. They are home to many large mammals, including the Udzungwa red colobus and Tana River mangabey, and unusual animals such as the grey-faced sengi. The area has extremely high biodiversity with numerous endemic species (more than 25 percent of the vertebrate species). They rise to 2,579 m at Luhombero, and 10 percent of them are protected by the Udzungwa Mountains National Park and the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve. The Udzungwa forest partridge (Xenoperdix udzungwensis) is an endemic species, found only on the Rubeho Mountains and Udzungwa Mountains, with its closest relatives appearing to be the hill partridges of Asia.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to visit the Udzungwa Mountains National Park and go hiking and trekking. The park has no roads passable by vehicle and is accessible only by foot. The trekking routes vary, from the short and easy one-hour Sonjo Waterfall hike to the extremely difficult 6 day trek the Lumemo Trail. The most popular route is the Sanje Waterfalls trail, taking about four hours to complete. The World Wide Fund for Nature is working with local communities to protect the park and provide conservation and management support, monitoring, research and ecotourism initiatives. The help of the local communities is encouraged by giving them access to resources such as the collection of firewood, harvesting medicinal plants and gathering grass for thatching.</p><br>
<p>Cap and Gown Club, founded in 1890, is an eating club at Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Colloquially known as "Cap", the club is one of the "Big Four" eating clubs at Princeton . Members are selected through a selective process called bicker. Sometimes known as "the Illustrious Cap and Gown Club," it was the first of the currently selective eating clubs to accept women. Though personalities of eating clubs certainly change throughout the years, Cap and Gown is described in F. Scott Fitzgerald&#39;s This Side of Paradise as "anti-alcoholic, faintly religious and politically powerful."</p><br>
<p>Cap was the most bickered eating club in 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015. It has been the most selective club on the street since 2013, with 227 students bickering in Spring 2015, forty-four percent of whom were offered membership.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cap is located at 61 Prospect Avenue between Cloister Inn and the University Cottage Club. It is the only Princeton eating club to stay in the same geographic location for its entire existence. Three Cap clubhouses have occupied this location. The first was completed in 1892. In 1895 when the club outgrew this clubhouse, the structure was moved across the street, and William Ralph Emerson was commissioned to design the second clubhouse (completed in 1896). Ten years later, Cap was ready to expand again. The Emerson building was moved away, and Raleigh Gildersleeve designed the clubhouse that Cap still occupies today. A major renovation and expansion of the clubhouse to increase the size of the clubhouse in step with its growing membership was completed in February 2011.</p><br>
<p>Notable Cap and Gown alumni include Dean Cain 88, Brooke Shields 87, and Donald Rumsfeld &#39;54. Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, who pioneered the concept of the brain homunculus, was also a member of Cap and Gown.</p><br>
<p>Yuen Chau Tsai  was formerly an island in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. it is now connected to land by a causeway after land reclamation.It is part of Tai Po District.</p><br>
<p>The Tai Wong Yeh Temple and Island House are located in the area of the former island.</p><br>
<h2>Island House</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1905, Island House was built as the residence for the first British Police Magistrate appointed in 1898. It is one of the declared monuments of Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h2>Tai Wong Yeh Temple</h2><br>
<p>Tai Wong Yeh Temple is located at the Island House Interchange. The temple was originally a stone tablet which was erected on the northern shore of Yuen Chau Tsai by the villagers in Chik Mei Village, located on the north bank of the Shenzhen River, in the mid-Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, some fishermen raised funds to build the temple for worship by local fishermen at the present location.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, a formal launching ceremony for dragon boats was first held at the Tai Wong Yeh Temple in Yuen Chau Tsai is held on Dragon Boat Festival. The ceremony has remained a tradition since then.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, An opening ceremony of the Tai Wong Yeh Temple was held for marking its renovation.</p><br>
<h2>Yuen Chau Tsai (Island House) Archaeological Site</h2><br>
<p>In 1960s, John Walden, who was the first one to report the site, collected stone adzes and geometric pottery sherds at the shoreline and the southern slope of Yuen Chau Tsai. In the 1980s and 1990s, field investigations recovered prehistoric cultural remains from the site.</p><br>
<p>Morven, known officially as Morven Museum & Garden, is a historic 18th-century house at 55 Stockton Street in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It served as the governor&#39;s mansion for nearly four decades in the twentieth century, and has been designated a National Historic Landmark. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1701, Richard Stockton purchased, from William Penn, the 5,500 acre property. His grandson Richard Stockton (1730–1781) had 150 acres, on which, in the 1750s, he built the house that his wife Annis Boudinot Stockton named "Morven", after a mythical Gaelic kingdom in Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Commodore Robert Stockton (1795–1866) later lived in the house that was built on the property. Robert Wood Johnson II, chairman of the company Johnson and Johnson, leased the home after Bayard Stockton died during 1932.</p><br>
<p>In 1944, New Jersey Governor Walter E. Edge purchased Morven from the Stockton family. The sale was subject to the condition that Morven would be given to the state of New Jersey within two years of Edge&#39;s death. Edge transferred ownership of Morven to the state during 1954, several years before he died.</p><br>
<p>Morven served as the New Jerseys first governors mansion from 1944 until 1981.</p><br>
<p>During 1982, the New Jersey Governor&#39;s Mansion was re-designated to Drumthwacket. Morven was adapted as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>"The Builder" Richard Stockton (c.1665-1709) from 1701 to 1709</p><br>
<p>Honorable John Stockton (1701-1758) from 1709 to 1758</p><br>
<p>"The Signer" Richard Stockton (1730–1781) from 1758 to 1781</p><br>
<p>"The Duke" Richard Stockton (1764-1828) from 1781 to 1828</p><br>
<p>Commodore Robert Field Stockton (1795–1866) from 1828 to 1866</p><br>
<p>Major Samuel Witham Stockton (1834-1899)</p><br>
<p>Walter E. Edge from 1944 to 1954</p><br>
<p>Governor&#39;s Mansion from 1954 to 1981</p><br>
<p>Museum since 1982</p><br>
<p>Archanes  is a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Archanes-Asterousia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 31.516 km&sup2;. Population 5,042 . It is also the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan settlement in central Crete. The discovery of ancient roads leading from Archanes to Juktas, Anemospilia, Xeri Kara and Vathypetro indicate that Archanes was an important hub in the region during Minoan times. Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Archanes spread out over the same area as the modern town of Archanes.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In 1912, Xanthoudides noted the importance of Archanes, but Sir Arthur Evans was the first to characterize the site as palatial, declaring that Archanes was likely a Summer Palace for the Knossos kings. Spyridon Marinatos and N. Platon excavated minor areas in the region, but nothing supported Evans&#39; theory. In 1964, Yannis Sakellarakis dug trial trenches at the Tourkoyeitonia site and uncovered the first evidence of a palace site. Since 1966, Archanes has been excavated by the Greek Archaeological Society under the supervision of John Sakellarakis and Efi Sapouna-Sakellarakis.</p><br>
<p>In the Minoan era, aqueducts delivered water to Kephala Hill from spring water sources at Archanes, which are also the source of the Kairatos River.</p><br>
<p>Troullos is the easternmost site of the Archanes settlement. Tourkoyeitonia, in central Archanes, is the site of its palace, likely built in the Middle Minoan period. Excavations began here in 1964 by J. Sakellarakis. It contains features such as ashlar blocks, poros-stone plaques and blocks, plaster, wood, stucco floor tiles, gypsum, kouskoura slabs, mud bricks, ironstone blocks, schist plaques, blue marble flooring, incurved concave altars, wooden columns and pillars, frescoes and Polytheron doorways. A variety of Porphyrite stone lamps, vases, amphorae, cooking pots, cups, lamps, tools and every-day domestic items such as tweezers have been unearthed at the site. Southwest of Tourkoyeitonia, more of the palace is found. While little remains of the architecture, the walls that are preserved are Middle Minoan III&ndash;Late Minoan IA. Linear A tablets and the model of a house were excavated at The Archive along with MMIII-LMIA pottery and several unworked pieces of rock crystal, obsidian and steatite.</p><br>
<p>The man-made enclosure of a spring, partially excavated in 1921 by Sir Arthur Evans, was completed by J. Sakellarakis in 1964. The floor is laid with pebbles, and the walls are poros-stone. Evidence indicates that it was built between Middle Minoan IB and Middle Minoan IIIA, destroyed during Late Minoan IA, and then restored and in various use afterward. The reservoir is within the palace grounds.</p><br>
<p>A large paved area, dissected by walkways that form a triangle, is found in Theatre Area" or "Aghios Nikolaos" (Saint Nicholas). Two stepped altars are found here, one on a walkway and one on the pavement. There is a painting of a reconstruction of this area in Sakellarakis&#39; Crete Archanes guidebook on page 49, which does this area more justice than a written description.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The economy revolves around grape and olive processing and marketing. Both products account for some 96% of its total agricultural products. The Agricultural Cooperative of Archanes, set up in 1931, is one of the oldest in Greece, and consists of 1119 members. A quarter of the wine production is exported to Germany, France and the Netherlands, and the rest of the production is largely marketed domestically. Since the late 1990s, attempts have been made to convert part of wine making step by step to organic and integrated farming, beginning with the cultivation of table grapes.</p><br>
<p>The mountain Esja , often called Esjan , is situated in the south-west of Iceland, about 10 km to the north of Iceland&#39;s capital city Reykjavík. Esja is not a single mountain, but a volcanic mountain range, made from basalt and tuff.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>Esja was built up at the end of the Pleistocene with the beginning of the Ice Age. During the warm periods lava flowed, and in the cold periods ridges of tuff were built up under the glacier. The western part of the mountain range is the oldest (about 3.2 million years) and the eastern part is the youngest (about 1.8 million years). The movements of the plate boundaries cutting diagonally through Iceland are continually pushing the strata to the west and away from the active volcanic zone. Intrusions, i.e. large magma channels coming from the old central volcanoes at Kjalarnes and Stardal, found entrances into the strata. The result was a series of large lava fields, one above the other, which the Ice Age glacier ground down. It left only the highest summits, like the mountain ranges of Esja or Akrafjall.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>The easternmost summits of the mountain range, called Móskarðshnúkar, are of an unusually light colour. An Icelandic writer in the 19th century, so goes the story, hoped to see the sun there after a long period of rain. But when he looked closer, it was only the mountaintops with their colours. In reality, it is the rhyolite stone, often to be found in Icelandic nature near old (and also active) central volcanoes.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking and climbing</h2><br>
<p>Within easy reach of the capital, Esja is a very popular recreation area for hikers and climbers. The best known hiking paths lead to the summits Þverfellshorn (780 m) and Kerhólakambur (851 m). Þverfellshorn is also easily accessible by public transport.</p><br>
<p>The path is divided into sections, marked with signs along the way. Each sign gives an indication of the difficulty of the path ahead with a grade system ranging from 1 boot (easy) to 3 boots (challenging). At the third sign experienced climbers can choose to climb directly to the peak, instead of following the path which goes off to the right. Approximately 6.6 kilometers of walking and 200 meters away from sea level is an point a big rock called Steinn. It is here that most inexperienced climbers choose to go down again, as the path becomes increasingly difficult from there.</p><br>
<p>The highest point, at 914 m, is called Hábunga. From Þverfellshorn, reaching Habunga requires another three-kilometer trek northeast, across a rocky plateau with no directional signs or clear path. As of August 2011, Habunga was marked only by a large cairn with a wooden stick at the top.</p><br>
<p>The river Elliðaár is situated in the Reykjavík area in the south-west of Iceland. Two small rivers have their source in the volcanic mountain range of Bláfjöll and stream down to Elliðavatn lake at the eastern suburban border of the city, its outlet forming the river. On their way, they pass through the nature reserve area of Heiðmörk.</p><br>
<p>On its way to the sea, which is reached in the Elliðavogur bay in Reykjavík, not far from the open-air folk museum of Árbæjarsafn in Árbær, the river cascades over several small waterfalls, within the boundary of the city.</p><br>
<p>The river is an excellent place to fish Salmon, although it is very expensive.</p><br>
<h2>The valley</h2><br>
<p>The valley Elliðaárdalur is one of the green recreational areas of Reykjavík with hiking and bicycle paths. There is also a swimming pool, a small ski lift and horse riding facilities in the valley. Since the beginning of the 20th century, this has been a reforestation area with birch, fir and pine trees planted.</p><br>
<p>Very interesting and varied bird life is found in the valley including swans and 8 different species of ducks. All together, 60 species of birds can be found here. Many song birds such as that of the thrush can be heard.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, the second hydroelectric power station in Iceland was constructed here and is still in use, the first being situated in the nearby town of Hafnarfjörður. A museum in the power station tells the story of the electrification of Reykjavík.</p><br>
<p>The base of the valley is a lava field dating from a volcanic eruption 4500 years ago in the Bláfjöll mountains some 25 km away from the city.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Bvumba Mountains or Vumba Mountains straddle the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, and are situated some 25 km south east of Mutare. The Bvumba rise to Castle Beacon at 1,911 metres, and are, together with the Chimanimani and Nyanga part of the Eastern Highlands of the Manicaland and adjacent Manica provinces. They are referred to as the "Mountains of the Mist" , as so often the early morning starts with a mist which clears by mid-morning. Although lying mostly within Zimbabwe, the mountains extend north-eastward to Mount Vumba  in Mozambique. They are capped by cool, green hills which shelter country hotels, a casino and golf course at the Leopard Rock Hotel and a Botanical Garden with one of the best views in Africa. The mountains are also known for their coffee plantations.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>On the Zimbabwean side, the Mountains are accessible by a tarred road (with many potholes) from Mutare. The Mozambican side of the mountains can be reached from a road to the Vumba Water Bottling Plant, which leaves the main EN6 highway just west of Manica.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain hikes</h2><br>
<p>The climb to the prominence, Castle Beacon, is up a large granite dome. The lower slopes form a mist belt with sub-montane vegetation. Proteas are found on the higher levels. Vumba Mountain, on the Mozambique side, is a steep hike to a summit with a good view of Manica and environs.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Bvumba Mountains are composed mainly of granite which forms the eastern margin of the Zimbabwe craton. The Vumba granite has been dated at over 2,600 Ma. The granites are intruded in places by Umkondo dolerite sills which are dated to about 1,110 Ma.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The mountains are dominated by savannah woodland, including Brachystegia / miombo. There are also extensive sub-montane grasslands, local mist-belts with mosses and epiphytic and lithophytic ferns and sub-montane evergreen forest in the deeper ravines. The higher levels of the mountains are sparsely vegetated with shrubs such as proteas, aloes and Strelitzia.</p><br>
<p>In the centre of the mountains lies the Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve and neighbouring Bvumba Botanical Garden. The latter is landscaped around a number of small streams and includes an important cycad collection, with 59 of the 189 known species, including Encephalartos manikensis, E. ferox, E. lehmannii, E. pterogonus, E. cycadifolius and E. eugene-maraisii.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Although small in area, the mountains are a botanical paradise and home to some of the rarest butterflies in the region. The Bvumba mountains offer exciting and varied birding opportunities. The area is probably best known as one of the main breeding areas of Swynnerton&#39;s robin which lives and breeds in small patches of forest, some on private land, others within the Bunga forest.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Chinhamapere Hill, on the Mozambique side of the mountains, has been a culturally important site since the Iron Age. There are well-preserved hunter-gatherer rock art paintings (comprising several human figures, some holding bows and arrows and others in trance) thought to be of around 8,000 years in age, as well as contemporary ritual sites, used for rainmaking, divining and healing. There are at least 86 stone age sites in the Zimbabwean portion of the mountains, and the cultural significance of some of these are still observed at the present time.</p><br>
<h2>World Heritage Status</h2><br>
<p>This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on August 20, 2008 in the Cultural category. It was proposed by Mozambique.</p><br>
<h2>Places of special interest</h2><br>
<p>Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve</p><br>
<p>Manchester Gardens – a landscaped garden with the Reserve arranged about a series of artificially created streams and dams</p><br>
<p>Elim Mission Memorial – a plaque at the start of the Eagle School Road - to the memory of the innocent victims of the Elim Mission Massacre 1978</p><br>
<p>Leopard Rock Hotel – a golf resort and casino</p><br>
<p>The Refuge or Castle – now a sunset balcony for Leopard Rock Hotel guests and a wedding venue</p><br>
<p>Leopard Rock</p><br>
<p>Chinziwa Scout Park</p><br>
<p>Kwayedza Lodge</p><br>
<p>Cloudlands</p><br>
<p>Cripps Family Burial Plot</p><br>
<p>White Horse Inn – at the end of the tar on White Horse Inn Road</p><br>
<p>Map-off – a place with various fauna and flora overlooking the border</p><br>
<p>Prince of Wales view – a cliff that overlooks Forbes border post near Cloudlands</p><br>
<p>Castle beacon or Bvumba Heights, situated 1,900 m above sea level</p><br>
<p>The Nebelhorn Cable Car  in Oberstdorf, Germany is a cable car on the Nebelhorn mountain that was constructed in 3 sections. It was first built between 1928 and 1930 and rebuilt in 1977 and 1991. The first section of the Nebelhorn cable car, renewed in 1977, has a length of 2,202.68 metres, a carrying cable of 55 mm and a hauling cable of 21 mm in diameter. It climbs a total height of 452 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>The drive, with an engine of 454 HP and maximum speed of 10 m/s, is housed in the upper station. The first section of the Nebelhorn cableway has 3 supports, which are 41, 38 and 21 metres high. The second section, also rebuilt in 1977, has a length of 2,617.11 metres, a main cable of 55 mm and a hauling cable of 21 mm in diameter. It climbs a total height of 652 metres.</p><br>
<p>The drive, with an engine of 350 HP and maximum speed of 10 m/s, is located in the upper station. The second section has 3 supports, which are 36, 45 and 39 metres high.</p><br>
<p>The third section does not have supports. It is 948.42 metres long, has a hauling cable of 20 mm and a carrying cable of 40 mm in diameter. The drive is located in the lower station and has an output of 120 kW and maximum speed of 8 m/s.</p><br>
<p>Pequea Creek  is a tributary of the Susquehanna River that runs for 49.2 mi from the eastern border of Lancaster County and Berks County, Pennsylvania to the village of Pequea, about 5 mi above the hydroelectric dam at Holtwood along the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County.</p><br>
<p>The name of the creek is Shawnee for "dust" or "ashes", referring to a clan that once dwelt at the mouth of the creek.</p><br>
<p>The stream flows through a pastoral landscape farmed extensively by Pennsylvania German farmers, generally members of Mennonite, Amish, and German-speaking Reformed churches. The Old Order Amish in this watershed were historically called Peckwayers to distinguish them from other Amish who lived along the Conestoga River watershed. The course of the stream is generally flat, though the last 2.5 mi flow through a steeper, wooded gorge, rapidly changing from a placid stream to a twisting flume until reaching the last mile, which is backwater from the Susquehanna.</p><br>
<p>三宅村 is Miyake village, not Oshima town.</comment></p><br>
<p>Izu Ōshima is an inhabited volcanic island in the Izu archipelago in the Philippine Sea, approximately 120 km southeast of Honshu, Japan, 22 km east of the Izu Peninsula and 36 km southwest of Bōsō Peninsula. As with the other islands in the Izu Island group, Miyake-jima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Izu Ōshima, at 91.06 km² is the largest and closest of Tokyo&#39;s outlying islands, which also include the Ogasawara Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is a stratovolcano with a basaltic composite cone, dating from the late Pleistocene period, between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, rain from an ocean floor with a depth of between 300 and 400 meters, The island has a roughly circular coastline of approximately 52 kilometers in length. The highest elevation Mount Mihara is an active volcano with a height of 758 meters. The mountain has been recorded to have erupted numerous times throughout history, and is mentioned as far back as Nara period written records.</p><br>
<p>Major eruptions occurred in 1965 and 1986, each forcing the temporary evacuation of the inhabitants. The last recorded eruption was in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Izu Ōshima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter than the rest of the year.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island is administered by the Ōshima subprefecture of the Tokyo Metropolitan government. As of June 1, 2016, the population of the island was 2451. Ōshima Town serves as the local government of the island.</p><br>
<p>Ōshima Town consists of the six traditional hamlets of Okada, Motomura, Senzu, Nomashi, Sashikiji and Habuminato, with Motomachi as the administrative center.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Izu Ōshima is a popular site for tourists from both Tokyo and Shizuoka due to its close proximity to the mainland. There are a number of ferries which leave from Takeshiba Sanbashi Pier, near Hamamatsuchō, Tokyo. Ferries also leave from Atami in Shizuoka.</p><br>
<p>There are several flights per day from Ōshima Airport to Tokyo International Airport (Haneda), Hachijojima Airport in Hachijojima and Chōfu Airport in Chōfu (all four airports are in Tokyo).</p><br>
<h2>Popular fiction</h2><br>
<p>Mount Miharu and Izu Ōshima featured prominently in The Return of Godzilla, as the location in which the Japanese government entombed Godzilla. Mt. Mihara appeared again in the direct sequel, Godzilla vs. Biollante, in which Godzilla was released when the volcano erupted.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Mihara and Izu Ōshima were also featured in the book Ring and the movie Ring as pivotal locations for the story.</p><br>
<p>In the Pokémon franchise, Cinnabar Island is based on Izu Ōshima.</p><br>
<p>The Winston County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Double Springs, Alabama, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Winston County Courthouse was created by the organization commission for Hancock County appointed April 8, 1850. Residents of Hancock county, which was later named Winston county, were asked to contribute supplies, equipment and manpower to the construction.</p><br>
<p>The commission asked every one present to return home and tell their neighbors to all meet at this site (now known as Old Houston). Their instructions were to "bring your teams, camping equipment, axes, and other tools."</p><br>
<p>By noon on the appointed date, about fifty men had arrived. They cleared the courthouse construction site by the first afternoon. By the next morning the number of workers reached about 75 men from all parts of the county. Most of those present were sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons of Revolutionary Soldiers. At least half a dozen citizens had already split out the wood, and had dried puncheons to make the floor. The new court house was built, log-cabin style, 16 ft by 24 ft of large logs halved on both sides, making the walls about 8 inches thick. It was covered with clapboards, rib-pole, end-pole, and weight-pole style; and floored with split-log puncheons about 4 inches thick and some 12 in wide, on bark peeled logs about 3 ft apart; bark taken off for joists on which was the loft.</p><br>
<p>The cracks were lined on inside and out. The building set north and south, with a door 4 ft wide in the south end. A stone chimney was built at the north end, about 8 ft wide, to burn logs six feet long. There were windows on the side of the chimney about 2 ft wide and 3 ft high. Doors and windows had wood shutters made of thick boards, and swung on wood hinges. The roof was clapboards about 4 ft long. Benches were made out of puncheons with large peg legs. The building nearly ready in two days. Workers went home but returned May 27 and completed it.</p><br>
<p>When Hancock County was renamed Winston in 1858, the courthouse was moved to the present site of Houston, beside where the old jail now stands. A fire destroyed the courthouse on August 23, 1864; an act passed on December 11, 1865 authorized the building of the jail and court house, which burned again on February 23, 1868. A special tax was levied on February 1, 1871 to rebuild it again.</p><br>
<p>In 1877 when the eastern portion of the county was annexed into Cullman County, Houston was no longer in the center of the county. House bill #264 was passed December 12, 1882 to move the county seat to Double Springs; the move was made on July 23, 1883. A 40 x 60 wooden building consisting of two stories was the court house building in Double Springs. On August 5, 1891, fire spread through this court house destroying it.</p><br>
<p>Work was commenced on May 29, 1893 on the new court house. William C. Miles and a Mr. Coley, from Birmingham, worked on the building for Andrew Jackson Ingle, and the rock wagons continued "as regular as clock work." Francis Hadder was the carpenter and James Samuel Snoddy was the assistant. This time the new building consisted of the native sand rock like several buildings in town. It was completed in 1894 at a cost of $12,444.</p><br>
<h2>Improvements</h2><br>
<p>In 1911 an annex was added during the administration of John S. Curtis, Probate Judge, at a cost of $4,000. A new fire-proof wing and jail were added to the court house in 1929 by Warren, Knight, and Davis of Birmingham for about $70,000. The lowest bid for construction was awarded to the local firm of Burdick and Woodruff. In the 1950s a $35,000 addition was added to the east wing. In 1962, Dobbs and Dobbs of Haleyville got a contract to add an addition to the wing on the north side for $77,900. This gave additional room in the jail, and the lower part is now used for the commissioners&#39; office. Kermit Adams quarried this rock at Black Pond and laid the rock on this addition. In the summer of 1982, Nolan Smith built a wood addition for $38,950.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>"The Creation and Organization of Hancock County" by Judge John Bennett Weaver</p><br>
<p>the Acts of Alabama</p><br>
<p>information obtained from the Winston County Court House, including the county commission department</p><br>
<p>the Double Springs Centennial Scrapbook</p><br>
<p>Government House of Prince Edward Island, often referred to as Fanningbank, is the official residence of the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island, as well as that in Charlottetown of the Canadian monarch. It stands in the provincial capital at 1 Terry Fox Drive; while the equivalent building in many countries has a prominent, central place in the capital, the site of Prince Edward Island&#39;s Government House is relatively unobtrusive within Charlottetown, giving it more the character of a private home.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Government House was constructed between 1832 and 1834 as a viceregal residence for the lieutenant governor of the then British colony of Prince Edward Island. The land, a parcel of 100 acre known as Fanning Bank or Fannings Bank, was in 1789 set aside by Lieutenant Governor Edmund Fanning as Crown land, with the specific stipulation that it be used as the site for the governors residence. In 1873, approximately 10 acre was retained for Government House and its grounds. 40 acres was given to the City of Charlottetown and later became Victoria Park.</p><br>
<p>Government House was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>Government House is where members of the Canadian Royal Family and visiting foreign dignitaries are greeted and often stay while in Charlottetown. It is also where numerous royal and viceroyal events take place, such as the bestowing of provincial awards or inductions into the Order of Prince Edward Island, as well as luncheons, dinners, receptions, and speaking engagements. It is also at the royal residence that the lieutenant governor will drop the writs of election, swear-in new members of the Executive Council, and hold audience with her premier.</p><br>
<p>The property is owned by the Queen in Right of Prince Edward Island and is open to the public for certain periods during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and interiors</h2><br>
<p>The wood frame buildings architectural design is Georgian with echoes of the Palladian tradition. The two axis of the house converge on the main entrance hall, which has doric columns and pilasters and a double switchback stair leading to the second floor. The residence was designed by Yorkshire architect Isaac Smith, who also designed the Islands Colonial Building.</p><br>
<p>Government House is the former official residence of the Lieutenant Governors of Alberta. Located in Edmontons Glenora neighbourhood, the restored and repurposed building is currently used by the Alberta provincial government for ceremonial events, conferences, etc. The Royal Alberta Museum is housed in a separate building on the same property, about a four kilometre walk from the Legislature northwest along the banks of the North Saskatchewan River on River Valley Road beside the Victoria Golf Course, itself first developed in 1896 and Canadas oldest city-run golf course.</p><br>
<p>The property for the house was purchased by the Province of Alberta in 1910, as well as the surrounding area. Construction on the building, intended from the outset to house the Lieutenant Governor, began in 1912, and the official opening was held on October 7, 1913. The three-storey building is constructed of sandstone in the Jacobean Revival style. It was used as a royal residence between its completion in 1913 and 1938; the Legislature cited economic concerns, as well as the closing of the Ontario Government House the year previous, as reasons for the closure. However, the closure also came soon after Lieutenant Governor John C. Bowen refused to grant Royal Assent to three controversial bills passed through the Legislative Assembly, and was, along with the removal of his support staff and official car, seen as an act of retaliation by Premier William Aberhart. The building was sold, and the furniture and fixtures were sold.</p><br>
<p>The building was used a boarding house for American pilots flying supplies up to the Alaska Highway and then was acquired by the federal government as military hospital during the Second World War. After the war the building was used as convalescent home for veterans. The house and grounds were returned to the provincial Crown in 1964. The grounds became the site for the Royal Alberta Museum. The building itself was extensively restored and reopened as conference center for the Alberta government. It has since hosted many important functions, including visits by Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John-Paul II.</p><br>
<p>Members of the Canadian Royal Family and visiting foreign dignitaries are greeted at the ceremonial porte-cochere. Inside are reception rooms, conference rooms and support facilities; it is here that the lieutenant governor presides over swearing-in ceremonies for Cabinet ministers. Every Thursday while the legislature is in session, the caucus of the governing party meets in the Alberta Room, a 100-seat conference room on the top floor.</p><br>
<p>While not in use, members of the public can take tours of the building at no cost. On display are artifacts and original pieces of furniture from the buildings time as a residence and information is also provided about the buildings restoration and current functions.</p><br>
<p>Until 2005, Alberta had separate buildings for the official residence, office, and entertaining venue for the viceroy. The lieutenant governor lived in a Crown owned house in the Glenora district of Edmonton (a single storey bungalow at 58 St Georges Crescent), while holding an office at the Legislative Assembly building, where Royal Assent is granted and where the lieutenant governor received the premier. The house in Glenora was demolished in 2005 and, as of 2008, there is no official residence for the lieutenant governor. Lieutenant Governor Norman Kwong resided at another house near this house during his term.</p><br>
<p>Whenever the sovereign is in the provincial capital, he or she resides at a hotel, normally the Hotel Macdonald.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the government of Alberta stated a new Government House would be constructed after 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Paddock Arcade is a 19th-century shopping mall located in Watertown, New York. Built in 1850, it is the second oldest covered shopping mall in the United States. Since it has seen uninterrupted use since it opened in 1850, it carries the distinction of being the country&#39;s oldest, continuously operating covered shopping mall. The Paddock Arcade was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Location and Architecture</h2><br>
<p>At No. 1 Public Square, the arcade remains the benchmark structure in Watertown&#39;s historic downtown district. The structure runs perpendicular to the adjoining Paddock Building. The arcade was built in the Gothic style, topped with a glass roof that allowed daylight to filter through. The Paddock Building contains a 19th-century Italianate facade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arcade was built by Watertown native Loveland Paddock and designed by architect Otis Wheelock. It was based on similar arcades built during that era in the United States and Europe. Shops occupied the bottom floor, while the upper floors were used for office space.</p><br>
<p>In about 1916, a large section of the Paddock Building was demolished to make way for the six-story Woolworth Building. In the 1920s, arcade owners put forth a major redesign of the arcade, eschewing its original Gothic interior with a more modern design, which included the installation of the current translucent, steel-and-wire-glass dropped ceiling between its second and third stories. This ceiling still allowed light to filter in from the arcade&#39;s glass roof.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The arcade still functions as a shopping and business center in Watertowns downtown district. In recent years, structural and aesthetic improvements, coupled with new businesses are helping to guarantee the arcades future. The arcade is the current (2013) home to Johnny Ds Casual Dining, Paddock Club Tavern, Steve Weed Productions, The Village Peddler bicycle shop, Paddock Antiques, Europe Cakes, Satyana Yoga, Beauty Bar, Vito Gourmet, Bova Photography. In 2007, It was announced that the arcade would be host to Watertowns popular farmers&#39; market for its extended fall season.</p><br>
<p>Belle Meade Plantation, located in Belle Meade, Tennessee, is a historic mansion whose grounds now function as a museum. Belle Meade Plantation consists of 30 remaining acres and includes a winery, visitor&#39;s center, original outbuildings including the Harding cabin, dairy, carriage house, stable, mausoleum and a reconstructed slave quarters.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion and grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>Built on a small hill near Richland Creek, the original red brick Federal-style house was built in the 1820s by John Harding. The entrance façade featured a two-story five-bay block, constructed on a limestone foundation, flanked with symmetrical one-story wings. Chimneys flanked the central block as well as the two wings.</p><br>
<p>In 1853, the house was altered and enlarged into a Greek-Revival style mansion by General William Giles Harding to reflect the success of the plantation. Stucco was applied to cover the red bricks and a two-story verandah was created on the central block with six solid limestone pillars of the Doric order, that were quarried on the plantation. A solid limestone pedimented entablature is set above the columns. The left wing was removed and the right wing was raised to two stories. A two-story kitchen extension was also attached to the house via a two level breezeway that was enclosed at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The 14-foot high central entrance hall runs the full length of the house from east to west, following the seasonal wind directions for natural cooling. The walls display Thoroughbred paintings by 19th-century painters Edward Troye, Harry Hall, and Henry Stull, depicting the plantations most famous horses. On the north end of the hall, double parlors feature poplar wood, Tennessees state tree. The library and dining rooms are found to the south. These rooms feature portraits of the Harding family and chandeliers that once were lit with methane gas made with manure.</p><br>
<p>The central hall configuration is found on the second and third floors as well, and are accessed by the winding cantilevered, Second Empire-style staircase carved from cherry. The second floor contains two connected bedrooms to the north and a guest bedroom and master bedroom to the south. William Hicks Jackson, son-in-law of William Giles Harding, modernized the interior of the house in 1883, adding three full bathrooms, including one on the second floor, that included a deep soaking tub and a shower, complete with hot and cold running water, believed to help circulation and those suffering from arthritis.</p><br>
<p>The mansion also has a basement which was uncommon at the time and housed the wine.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>The plantation grounds cover 30 acre and has 10 outbuildings scattered throughout the estate, including the original 1790s log cabin purchased by Harding in 1807, a reconstructed two-room slave cabin, a tiny 1870s children’s playhouse that was used by the Harding children, the 1884 dairy that supplied fresh milk, cream, cheese and produced up to 240 pounds of butter each week, and the 1826 smokehouse, the largest in the South, where as much as 20,000 pounds of pork were smoked in a year. The large carriage house and stables, built in 1892, showcase the Harding and Jackson family&#39;s carriage collection that include light carriages for picnics on the grounds, a surrey with fringe on top for trips to town, luxury Victorian carriages for high-end social events, and a 16-passenger double-decker carriage.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the plantation opened a winery featuring Tennessee red and white wines made from the native southern grape, the muscadine, and blackberry fruit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1807, Virginian John Harding bought Dunhams Station log cabin and 250 acre on the Natchez Trace. The plantation, that he named "Belle Meade," French for beautiful meadow, and known as the "Queen of Southern Plantations", was not used for farming, but rather various service enterprises such as a blacksmith shop, cotton gin, and a grist and saw mill. By 1816, Harding was boarding horses for neighbors such as Andrew Jackson, and breeding Thoroughbreds for which the plantation became renowned throughout the world. John registered his own racing silks with the Nashville Jockey Club in 1823 and was training horses on the track at his McSpaddens Bend Farm. William Giles Harding inherited Belle Meade Plantation in 1839 and enlarged the mansion and the estate into a 5,400 acre plantation with 136 enslaved people. Racing and breeding operations came to a halt in the South with the onset of the Civil War in 1861.</p><br>
<p>William Giles Harding was a staunch proponent of the Confederate States of America and donated $500,000 to the Confederate States Army. He was arrested by Union authorities in 1862, and imprisoned in Fort Mackinac in Michigan for six months before being released. Confederate General James Chalmers occupied Belle Meade as his headquarters during the Battle of Nashville, though Harding was able to keep all of his Thoroughbred horses, even while other farms were having their horses requisitioned by both armies. Early on December 15, 1864, Union and Confederate forces skirmished in the front yard outside of the mansion. Damage from bullets is still visible on the stone columns of the house.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, Harding resumed his successful horse operations, though as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 there was a reduced workforce. Of the 136 slaves living on the plantation prior to the war, only 72 workers chose to take employment with William Harding, though most lived off the property. Those who remained in the slave cabins, as part of their compensation, had to sign a contract of "18 Rules & Regulations" that reduced compensation for breaking those rules.</p><br>
<p>In 1868, his daughter Selene Harding married Confederate States Army General William Hicks Jackson on the one condition that the couple stay at Belle Meade following their marriage, as Harding&#39;s wife Elizabeth, daughter of former Nashville mayor Randal McGavock of Carnton Plantation, had died the previous year. Selene managed the household affairs and Jackson co-managed the farm with him. In 1875, Harding and Jackson decided to retire their racing silks and focus exclusively on breeding, turning the plantation into an internationally renowned Thoroughbred farm and showplace. The farm sold breeding stock of ponies, Alderney cattle, Cotswold sheep, and Cashmere goats. The estate also featured a 600-acre deer park.</p><br>
<p>Belle Meade had many successful studs, including Bonnie Scotland and Enquirer, whose bloodlines still dominate modern racing. Jackson brought Belle Meade international fame by purchasing Iroquois in 1886 to stand at stud, becoming the leading sire of 1892. In 1881, Iroquois had been the first American-bred Thoroughbred race horse to win the prestigious Epsom Derby.</p><br>
<p>The Jacksons were avid entertainers and many notable guests visited the plantation during the latter part of the 19th century. Guests included President Grover Cleveland and his wife Frances, Robert Todd Lincoln, President Ulysses S. Grant, General William T. Sherman, General Winfield Scott Hancock, and Vice President Adlai E. Stevenson. The guests enjoyed country pursuits in the fenced deer park, barbeques, and tours of the Thoroughbred paddocks.</p><br>
<p>Following William Jackson&#39;s death in 1903, and that of his son later the same year, it was decided to sell the plantation as a result of years of adverse financial conditions. A business syndicate called The Belle Meade Land Company purchased the plantation and developed the residential neighborhood of Belle Meade. The company also released the deer from the fenced park upon receipt of private donations. In 1938, the former plantation lands were incorporated into the independent city of Belle Meade, Tennessee. The mansion had a series of successive owners, and remained a private residence until 1953, when the State of Tennessee purchased the mansion and eight outbuildings on 30 acre. The state in turn deeded the property to the Association for the Preservation of Tennessee Antiquities.</p><br>
<p>The Lut Desert, widely referred to as Dasht-e Lut , is a large salt desert located in the provinces of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. It is the worlds 27th-largest desert, and was inscribed on UNESCOs World Heritage List on July 17, 2016. The surface of its sand has been measured at temperatures as high as 70 °C , making it one of the world&#39;s driest and hottest places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Iran is climatically part of the Afro-Asian belt of deserts, which stretches from the Cape Verde islands off West Africa all the way to Mongolia near Beijing, China. The patchy, elongated, light-colored feature in the foreground (parallel to the mountain range) is the northernmost of the Dasht dry lakes that stretch southward 300 km. In near-tropical deserts, elevated areas capture most precipitation. As a result, the desert is largely an abiotic zone.</p><br>
<p>Iran&#39;s geography consists of a plateau surrounded by mountains and divided into drainage basins. Dasht-e Loot is one of the largest of these desert basins, 480 km long and 320 km wide,</p><br>
<p>and is considered to be one of the driest places on Earth.</p><br>
<p>Area of the desert is about 51,800 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The other large basin is the Dasht-e Kavir. During the spring wet season, water briefly flows down from the Kerman mountains, but it soon dries up, leaving behind only rocks, sand, and salt.</p><br>
<p>The eastern part of Dasht-e Loot is a low plateau covered with salt flats. In contrast, the center has been sculpted by the wind into a series of parallel ridges and furrows, extending over 150 km and reaching 75 m in height. This area is also riddled with ravines and sinkholes. The southeast is a vast expanse of sand, like a Saharan erg, with dunes 300 m high, among the tallest in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Hottest land surface</h2><br>
<p>Measurements of MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) installed on NASA&#39;s Aqua satellite from 2003 to 2010 testify that the hottest land surface on Earth is located in Dasht-e Lut and land surface temperatures reach here 70.7 &deg;C, though the air temperature is cooler. Precision of measurements is 0.5 K to 1 K.</p><br>
<p>The hottest part of Dasht-e Loot is Gandom Beryan, a large plateau covered in dark lava, approximately 480 km&sup2; in area. According to a local legend, the name (in translation from Persian — "Toasted wheat") originates from an accident where a load of wheat was left in the desert which was then scorched by the heat in a few days.</p><br>
<p>Holmes Run Acres is a community of 355 houses in Fairfax County, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Much of it is preserved within Holmes Run Acres Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The community was developed by brothers Gerald and Eli Luria. They offered the public "a unique opportunity to own a contemporary style home modeled after the California Ranch style popularized on the west coast."</p><br>
<h2>Builders</h2><br>
<p>Homes in Holmes Run Acres were constructed by three builders between 1951 and 1958:</p><br>
<p>Luria Brothers Development - approximately 260 homes during 1951-52. Architects: Nicholas Satterlee and Donald Letherbridge</p><br>
<p>Gaddy Construction Company - 71 homes during 1954-55. Architects: Nicholas Satterlee and Donald Letherbridge</p><br>
<p>Andre Bodor - 13 units during 1957-58</p><br>
<p>The Luria brothers built their homes west of Executive Avenue, Gaddy built homes east of Executive Avenue, and Bodor built homes at the connection of Surrey Lane and Gallows Road. The community also includes Woodburn Elementary School, a recreation center, and a park. The 4.2 acre park, named Luria Park, was donated to Fairfax County by the Luria Brothers and is maintained jointly by the county and the Holmes Run Acres residents.</p><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>The Holmes Run Acres Civic Association built the first community swimming pool in Fairfax County and, in cooperation with the Fairfax County Park Authority, turned a dump site into the first neighborhood park in the county.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>Holmes Run Acres was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in December 2006, and on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. Holmes Run Acres is the first Mid-Century modern community in Virginia to be designated as a landmark/historic place.</p><br>
<p>The district listed is a 140 acre that included, in 2007, 291 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Muncho Lake is a lake in northern British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>The lake is part of the Muncho Lake Provincial Park and located at kilometre 681 (mile 681 km) of the Alaska Highway. The lake is about 12 km long and its width varies between 1 and 6 km. It reaches a maximum depth of 223 m. The surrounding peaks (the Terminal Range of the Muskwa Ranges to the west and the Sentinel Range to the east) reach altitudes of more than 2,000 m, while the lake lies at an elevation of 820 m. It is formed along the Trout River, a tributary of the Liard River.</p><br>
<p>The jade green color of the lake is attributed to the presence of copper oxide leached from the bedrock underneath. Its name is derived from the Kaska language in which "muncho" translates as "big water".</p><br>
<p>The small community of Muncho Lake is established on the lake&#39;s southern shore, at the confluence of Trout River and Muncho Creek. The Muncho Lake/Mile 462 Water Aerodrome is set up along the eastern shore of the lake, at Mile 462 of the Alaska Highway.</p><br>
<p>Lycosura  was a city of Arcadia said by Pausanias to be the oldest city in the world, though there is no evidence for its existence before the fourth century BCE. Its current significance is chiefly associated with the sanctuary of the goddess Despoina, which contained a colossal sculptural group perhaps made by Damophon of Messene; this group comprises acrolithic-technique statues of Despoina and Demeter seated on a throne, with statues of Artemis and the Titan Anytos standing on either side of them - all in Pentelic marble. The dates of both the temple and the sculptural group have occasioned some dispute. Remains of a stoa, altars and other structures have also been found. The Sanctuary of Despoina at Lycosoura is located 9 km WSW of Megalopolis, 6.9 km SSE of Mount Lykaion, and 160 km SW of Athens. There is a small museum at the archaeological site housing small finds as well as part of the cult group, while the remains of the cult statues of Despoina and Demeter are displayed at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology and history</h2><br>
<p>The chthonic goddess worshiped by the Arcadians under the title Despoina (Δέσποινα: the Mistress), later conflated with Kore, was originally considered to be the daughter of Poseidon Hippios and Demeter, rather than of Zeus and Demeter as was Kore. Her real name could not be revealed to anyone except those initiated to her mysteries at Lycosura; this name is consequently unknown.</p><br>
<p>In the 2nd century CE, the Greek periegetic writer Pausanias, relying on personal observations, available texts and consultation with local persons, wrote the only extant account of the city and its sanctuary. He relates that Lycosura was founded by Lycaon the son of Pelasgus, and that it was the oldest city in the world. He notes that Cleitor, the grandson of Arcas (hence the toponym Arcadia), dwelled in Lycosura.</p><br>
<p>In 368/7 BCE, when many cities in the region were unified into the city of Megalopolis through persuasion or force, the citizens of Lycosura, Trapezus, Lycaea, and Tricoloni refused to relocate. The citizens of Trapezus were massacred or driven into exile by the Arcadians, but the citizens of Lycosura were spared due to reverence for the Sanctuary of Despoina, where they had sought asylum. Many of the cities of the region were thus abandoned in favor of Megalopolis and their sanctuaries fell out of use. Pausanias states that the Sanctuary of Despoina was 40 stades (7.4 km) from Megalopolis, which exercised political control over the sanctuary. In the 2nd century CE a statue of the emperor Hadrian was dedicated in the temple. Coins from Megalopolis of the Severan period in the early 3rd century appear to depict the cult statue group. Despite its significance to the Arcadians and occasional notice from the wider Mediterranean world, the cult of Despoina appears to have remained tied to this one sanctuary at Lycosura.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<h3>Overview of the site</h3><br>
<p>The site of Lycosura occupies a hill of 632 m in the wooded, mountainous region south of the river Plataniston. The Sanctuary of Despoina is sited in a declivity on the north-eastern face of the hill occupied by the city. The temple and considerable remains of the cult statuary group were discovered in 1889 CE by the Greek Archaeological Society, well before the advent of stratographic excavation techniques. Dating of the finds and structures thus remains problematic, although later excavations and studies have attempted to clarify the situation. While the site of the city remains largely unexcavated, the sanctuary of Despoina has been thoroughly uncovered and consists of a temple, a stoa, an area of theater-like seats, three altars, and an enigmatic structure conventionally called the Megaron. Pausanias also describes a temple of Artemis Hegemone (Artemis the Leader) at the entrance to the sanctuary on its eastern side; this structure and a number of others mentioned by the author have not to date been identified archaeologically. Traces of the temenos wall (boundary of the sacred area) have been detected on the north and the east sides of the sanctuary; the southern and western limits of the sacred area are thus unknown.</p><br>
<h3>Temple of Despoina, Stoa, and altars</h3><br>
<p>The Temple of Despoina is prostyle-hexastyle in plan and in the Doric order - i.e. it had six Doric columns across the front façade only. In plan, the stylobate (platform) of the temple measures 11.15 by 21.35 m and is divided between a pronaos (front portico) and a cella. The lower portion of the walls of the temple&#39;s cella are built of limestone, consisting of a course of orthostates capped by two string courses; the walls are then completed to the level of the roof in fired clay brick, which would then have been plastered. The six columns of the façade are in marble, as is the entablature. A curious feature of this temple is the doorway in the south wall facing the theater-like area. Although uncommon, side doorways are known from other temples in Arkadia: i.e. Athena Alea at Tegea, and Apollo Epikourios at Bassai.</p><br>
<p>Rather than extending as steps along the four sides of the temple, the stepped crepidoma spans only the front of the temple and has returns on the sides as far as the antae. The architecture also deviates from the standard Doric schema in that its Doric frieze is 1.5x the height of the architrave. At the rear of the cella is a massive, c. 1m high stone podium designed to hold the cult statuary group, in front of which is a mosaic decorating the floor. General consensus holds that the first construction of this temple dates to the 4th century BCE. There were several repairs in the Roman period.</p><br>
<p>To the south of the temple, inset into the slope of the hill, is a theater-like area with ten rows of stone seats ranging from 21 to 29 m in length. These rows of seats are uncurved and parallel with the south wall of the temple.</p><br>
<p>To the NE of the temple, there was a Stoa also in the Doric order with a single story and an internal colonnade, measuring 14 by 64 m. Foundations for a room of uncertain function measuring 5.5 by 6 m are connected to the west end of the stoa. Pausanias reports that the stoa contained a panel painted with matters pertaining to the mysteries and four bas-relief sculptures in white marble depicting:</p><br>
<p>Zeus and the Fates</p><br>
<p>Hercules wrestling Apollo for the Delphic tripod</p><br>
<p>nymphs and pans</p><br>
<p>The historian Polybios with an inscription praising his wisdom.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately, none of these reliefs has been recovered in the excavations. Similar use of a stoa to display artwork is known for the Stoa Poikile (Painted Stoa) of ancient Athens, where scenes were painted directly onto the rear wall of the structure. Stoas, as well as treasuries, were frequently used at sanctuaries to store votive gifts to the deities: e.g. the stoa and treasury of the Athenians at Delphi and the multiple treasuries at Olympia.</p><br>
<p>Three small, stone altars were found in the area c. 15m to the east of the temple dedicated to Despoina, Demeter, and the Great Mother respectively. Many votive gifts and offerings were also found in the excavation of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h3>Megaron and beyond</h3><br>
<p>The structure termed the Megaron (Great Hall) after Pausanias is poorly preserved but secure in its essential plan, measuring 9.5m in width by 12m in depth. It the view of William Dinsmoor, this structure can be reconstructed as a monumental altar with stairways flanking both sides and having a small stoa at its top - comparable to the Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon. Of great interest are the over one hundred and forty terra cotta figurines having the heads of sheep or cows that were found in the area of the Megaron. The great majority of these are female and closely resemble the decorative figures carved into the veil of the colossal head of Despoina.</p><br>
<p>Beyond the Megaron, Pausanias also notes the presence of a grove sacred to Despoina surrounded by stones with altars of Poseidon Hippios and other gods beyond that, with one altar stating that it is sacred to all the gods. From there it was possible to access a shrine of Pan via a flight of stairs. Associated with this shrine were an altar of Ares, two statues of Aphrodite (one marble one wooden - a xoanon - and older), wooden images (xoana) of Apollo and Athena, and a sanctuary of Athena. These features have not been securely located.</p><br>
<h3>Archaeological remains outside of the sanctuary</h3><br>
<p>Although the sanctuary of Despoina has been excavated to a large extent, the urban area of Lycosura itself and its periphery have received much less attention. Outside of the sanctuary and sixty meters SW of the temple, on the opposite side of the ridge running SE to NW up to the hill of the acropolis, a number of structures of Hellenistic and Roman date have been uncovered that may have hydraulic functions, perhaps a nymphaeum (fountain-house) and a complex of Roman thermae (baths). Some remains of the city wall have also been traced.</p><br>
<h3>Cult sculptural group</h3><br>
<p>Although in many fragments and not completely preserved, the colossal cult group attributed to Damophon by Pausanias has been extensively studied and described. No comprehensive study of all the remains has yet been carried out, however. The relatively small cella of the temple of Despoina was dominated by a cultic group of statues comprising four significantly over life-size acrolithic-technique figures as well as a highly ornate throne for the central figures of Despoina and Demeter - all in Pentelic marble. This arrangement was somewhat unusual in that the typical situation was for there to be a single cult statue at the rear of the cella that was the primary object of veneration. The central figures of Despoina and Demeter were on a colossal scale, significantly greater than that of Artemis and the Titan Anytus. The bust of Despoina is not preserved. Holes are preserved on the bust of Artemis for the attachment of earrings and other metal ornaments, and for a diadem (or rays) on the bust of Demeter. The eyes of Artemis and Anytus were inset, rather than being carved from the marble as they were in the bust of Demeter. The throne of Despoina and Demeter was decorated with tritonesses - an appropriate theme given the identification of Poseidon as the father of Despoina. This nautical reference is underscored by the presence of marine themes on the veil of Despoina as well. One of these tritonesses was replaced in the Roman period, indicating damage to the group, perhaps due to an earthquake.</p><br>
<p>While the entire group is of significant stylistic interest, the veil of Despoina is particularly so, due to the complexity of its decorative program. In addition to the lines of dancing, animal-headed female figures mentioned above, there are several other registers of sculpted ornamentation on the two levels of the veil. The upper level of the veil of Despoina has the following modes of decoration (from top to bottom):</p><br>
<p>A series of triangular rays</p><br>
<p>A band of eagles and winged thunderbolts</p><br>
<p>A band of olive sprays</p><br>
<p>A frieze of Nereids riding sea horses and Tritons, with dolphins intermixed</p><br>
<p>A tasseled fringe</p><br>
<p>The lower (and larger) layer has (from top to bottom):</p><br>
<p>A frieze of Nikai carrying censers, while bearing olive sprays in front of themselves</p><br>
<p>A band of olive sprays</p><br>
<p>A frieze of dancing animal-headed figures</p><br>
<p>A running-wave meander pattern</p><br>
<p>It has been suggested that this veil is representative of the types of tapestry or embroidered woven materials able to be created by contemporary artists. The high level of detail is cited as a hallmark of Damophon&#39;s technique. The frieze of marine deities and the running-wave meander pick of the reference to Poseidon in the throne. The band of eagles and winged thunderbolts is likely a reference to Zeus.</p><br>
<p>The images of the goddesses themselves and the throne on which they sit, and the footstool under their feet are of one stone.... The images are about the same size as that of the Mother among the Athenians. These are works of Damophon. Demeter bears a torch in her right hand, and she has placed her other hand on Despoina. On her knees, Despoina has a scepter and what is called the Cista (box), which is held in her right hand. On either side of the throne, Artemis stands beside Demeter clothed in the hide of a deer, and having a quiver on her shoulders, and one hand there is a torch and in the other two snakes. A dog lies beside Artemis, the sort that is appropriate for hunting. Beside the image of Despoina stands Anytus, portrayed as a representation of a man in armor.</p><br>
<p>-Pausanias</p><br>
<h2>Significance of the site</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the find of the Acrolithic statues commonly attributed to Damophon, this temple is important for the study of ancient Greek religious practice due to the unusual feature of its side doorway coupled with a theater-like area. Several authors have postulated that the side doorway and theater-like area were created to allow a ritual for the mystery cult of Despoina to take place, perhaps an epiphany of the goddess.</p><br>
<p>According to Pausanias, the Megaron (Μέγαρον) was the location for major sacrifices to Despoina by the Arcadians and the location where they enacted the mysteries of the goddess. The mode of sacrifice at the Megaron was unusual in that it involved hacking a limb from the sacrificial animal rather than cutting its throat. The similarity of the figurines found in the vicinity of the Megaron and the dancing figures carved on the veil of Despoina may reveal something concerning the rituals of the cult. The supposition that the site was a locus of cult activity from considerable antiquity is supported by the presence of multiple xoanon-type cult statues, by the unusual mode of sacrifice, and by the special veneration shown to the sanctuary by the Arcadians in 368/7 BCE as discussed above. Like Eleusis and Samothrace, Lycosura is an important site for the study of ancient mystery religions and religion more broadly, although it remained a regional rather than a panhellenic or pan-Mediterranean cult.</p><br>
<p>Pausanias relates that the sculptural group of Despoina et al. was created by the eminent Hellenistic artist Damophon of Messene. While Damophon has been placed at dates varying from the 4th century BCE to the age of Hadrian in the 2nd century, it is now generally accepted that he was active in the 2nd century BCE. Pausanias also states that the statues of Despoina and Demeter were worked from a single piece of marble without any use of iron clamps or mortar. As these statues are acrolithic in construction, this statement is manifestly incorrect, rendering his attribution of the group to Damophon equally suspect. At the time of Pausanias&#39; visit, the sculptures would have been three hundred or more years old; no one with certain knowledge of their origins was alive. As much of what has been written concerning the style of Damophon relies on these sculptures, their attribution of no little importance.</p><br>
<h2>Additional images of the sanctuary of Despoina</h2><br>
<p>Ivanpah Lake is a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California on the border of California and Nevada. Nestled in the Ivanpah Valley near Primm on Interstate 15, the 13 square miles lake is almost entirely within California. At the north edge of the lake lie the Nevada Welcome Center  and a California Lottery retailer. It is a popular place for land sailing and kite buggying.</p><br>
<p>On March 26, 2009, the world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was set here by the Greenbird, clocked at 126.1 mph.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental contamination</h2><br>
<p>Hundreds of thousands of gallons of water carrying radioactive waste spilled into and around Ivanpah Dry Lake.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, the Mountain Pass rare earth mine began piping wastewater as far as 14 miles to evaporation ponds on or near Ivanpah Dry Lake, east of Interstate 15 near Nevada. This pipeline repeatedly ruptured during cleaning operations to remove mineral deposits called scale. The scale is radioactive because of the presence of thorium and radium, which occur naturally in the rare earth ore. A federal investigation later found that some 60 spills—some unreported—occurred between 1984 and 1998, when the pipeline was shut down. In all, about 600,000 gal of radiological and other hazardous waste flowed onto the desert floor, according to federal authorities. By the end of the 1990s, Unocal had been hit with a cleanup order and a San Bernardino County district attorney&#39;s lawsuit. The company paid more than $1.4 million in fines and settlements. After preparing a cleanup plan and completing an extensive environmental study, Unocal in 2004 won approval of a county permit that allowed the mine to operate for another 30 years. In 2008, Unocal/Chevron sold the mine to privately held Molycorp Minerals LLC, a company formed to revive the Mountain Pass Mine.</p><br>
<p>Nanih Waiya  is an ancient earthwork mound in southern Winston County, Mississippi, constructed by indigenous people during the Middle Woodland period, about 1-300 CE. Since the 17th century, the Choctaw have venerated Nanih Waiya as their sacred origin location in their traditional beliefs.</p><br>
<p>The mound of Nanih Waiya is about 25 ft tall, 140 ft wide, and 220 ft long. Evidence suggests it was originally a larger platform mound, which has eroded into the present shape. At one time, it was bounded on three sides by a circular earthwork enclosure about ten feet tall, which encompassed one square mile. In 2006, the Mississippi Legislature&#39;s State Bill 2803 officially returned control of the site to the Luke Family, and T. W. Luke deeded it to the State on the condition that it be maintained as a park.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Luke family deeded control to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a Federally recognized tribe. Nanih Waiya has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological evidence</h2><br>
<p>The earliest archaeological evidence of occupation at Nanih Waiya is dated to about 300–600 CE during the Middle Woodland, when it was probably built. This makes Nanih Waiya contemporaneous with the Hopewell culture, as well as ancient sites such as the Pinson Mounds in Tennessee and Igomar Mound in Mississippi. The dating was based on surface artifacts, as no archeological excavation of the mound has ever been undertaken. Its occupation apparently continued at least to 700 CE, in the Late Woodland period.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists have not documented any use by the succeeding Mississippian culture, but they suggest that Nanih Waiya has been used for religious purposes throughout its history. The 19th-century naturalist and physician Gideon Lincecum recorded a surviving Choctaw oral tradition of their arrival in the area and the construction of the mound.</p><br>
<p>According to tradition, the Choctaw people had wandered in the wilderness for 42 Green Corn Festivals, through which they carried the bones of their dead, who outnumbered the living. They finally found a leaning hill, where the magical staff indicated they should stay. It was then bountiful land. The tribal council proposed they build a mound of earth to respectfully inter the bones of their ancestors, which they agreed to do. First, they erected a frame of branches. Then these were covered over, and layers of earth were deposited during their domestic tasks. At last, the mound reached great size. When they finished, they celebrated their 43rd Green Corn Festival since wandering in the wilderness. They said that once the main mound had been completed, smaller conical earthen mounds were built and used for single burials.</p><br>
<p>The mound has been a site of pilgrimage for the Choctaw since the 17th century, but they have not held any major festivals there. Their religion was private, and involved rituals related to death and burial, and to communication with spirits. Despite the traditional account, some anthropologists noted that unlike other tribes, the Choctaw do not appear to have practiced the Green Corn ceremony. In the 1850s, observers noted smaller mounds near Nanih Waiya, but these have since been plowed away and were never dated. They may have been constructed by later Mississippian-culture peoples, or even succeeding Native American groups. As there is no archaeological data, historical records, nor Choctaw stories of these small mounds, nothing may ever be known about them.</p><br>
<h3>Choctaw beliefs</h3><br>
<p>Some Choctaw believe that Nanih Waiya is the "Mother Mound" (Inholitopa iski) where the first Choctaw was created. As told by some Choctaw storytellers, it was either from Nanih Waiya or a cave nearby that the Choctaw people emerged. There are many variations of the story. According to some versions, the mound (or nearby cave) is also the origin of the Chickasaw, Creek people, and possibly even the Cherokee. (Note: As the Cherokee are an Iroquoian language people (distantly related to the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy formerly based in New York, most of whom lived around the Great Lakes), anthropologists and historians believe they migrated later into the Southeast and were not one of the peoples who emerged here from the indigenous ancestors who built Nanih Waiya.)</p><br>
<p>Others believe Nanih Waiya is the location where the Choctaw tribe ceased their wanderings and settled after their origin further to the west. George Catlin&#39;s Smithsonian Report in 1885 included a traditional story of the Choctaw following a prophet from an origin in the west:</p><br>
<p>The Choctaws a great many winters ago commenced moving from the country where they then lived, which was a great distance to the west of the great river and the mountains of snow, and they were a great many years on their way. A great medicine man led them the whole way, by going before with a red pole, which he stuck in the ground every night where they encamped. This pole was every morning found leaning to the east, and he told them that they must continue to travel to the east until the pole would stand upright in their encampment, and that there the Great Spirit had directed that they should live.</p><br>
<p>They say that Nanih Waiya, which means "leaning hill," "stooping hill," or "place of creation" in Choctaw, was the final destination of their migration.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>During the Indian Removal era, the Choctaw ceded millions of acres of their territory, including Nanih Waiya, to the United States under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, drawn up September 15–27, 1830. In the 1840s, the Choctaw Claims Commission of the United States investigated violations of the treaty by USA citizens. J.F.H. Claiborne later wrote about the investigations, "Many of the Choctaws examined... regard this mound as the mother, or birth-place of the tribe, and more than one claimant declared that he would not quit the country as long as remained."</p><br>
<p>The state of Mississippi preserved Nanih Waiya as a state park for years. It was also recognized as a significant site by the federal government, which listed it on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the Mississippi Legislature State Bill 2803 officially returned control of the site to the Luke Family, of whom T. W. Luke had deeded it to the State with the condition that it be maintained as a park. The 150 acre property reverted to the Luke family when the State stopped maintaining the park.</p><br>
<p>In August 2008, the Luke family deeded the mound to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe. They have declared August 18 as a tribal holiday to mark the return of the mound, and have used the occasion for telling stories of their origin and history, and performances of dances.</p><br>
<p>The Lac de Vouglans is the reservoir of the hydro-electric power station at Vouglans on the River Ain in the département of Jura in the region of Franche-Comté in eastern France. The dam, the Barrage de Vouglans is at coordinates 46&deg;23&prime;51&Prime;N latitude, 5&deg;39&prime;56&Prime;E longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake lies on Jurassic rock crushed into north to south ridges by the Alpine orogeny. It is therefore long and narrow, though rather sinuous in plan. It is about 30 kilometres long though only 21 km in a straight line. It lies in the valley of the Ain, impounded by the dam at Cernon. The old village of Vouglans was displaced by its construction in 1968 by Électricité de France (EDF).</p><br>
<p>Some buildings of the Carthusian monastery of Vaucluse were also moved to make way for the rising waters and to save them from demolition.</p><br>
<p>The lake is arranged for tourism with view-points scattered through the woods which cover the hillsides along its shores and places set up for bathing and boating.</p><br>
<p>The annual mean flow of water at the dam is 40.80 cubic metres per second.</p><br>
<h2>Statistics</h2><br>
<p>Width: 300 to 800 m (330 to 870 yd)</p><br>
<p>Capacity: 605,000,000 m³ (2,137 million ft³)</p><br>
<p>Mean annual flow: 40.80 m³/s (1,441 ft³/s)</p><br>
<p>The Kaufman Astoria Studios is a historic movie studio located in the Astoria section of the New York City borough of Queens. It is home to New York City&#39;s only backlot, which opened in December 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The studio was originally built by Famous Players-Lasky in 1920 to provide the company with a facility close to the Broadway theater district. Many features and short subjects were filmed there between 1920 and 1933. The first two Marx Brothers films were shot there, The Cocoanuts (1929) and Animal Crackers (1930), before the team moved to Los Angeles. The first Sherlock Holmes sound film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes (also 1929), was made at the studio by the British producer Basil Dean. The Dance of Life (1929) was a film musical shot on sound stages, with most exterior scenes filmed on a back lot that existed at that time. It was also known as Astoria Studio and Paramount Studio.</p><br>
<p>After Paramount Pictures moved all studio operations to California in 1932, the Astoria location was turned over to independent producers whose films were released through Paramount or other Hollywood film companies. All the films starring Tango icon Carlos Gardel made in the United States were shot at the Kaufman Astoria.</p><br>
<p>In 1942, the United States Army Signal Corps Army Pictorial Service took over the studio for the making of Army training and indoctrination films until 1971, including The Big Picture that was shown on American television as a network television series.</p><br>
<p>The property was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The district encompasses six contributing buildings. In 1982, the property was taken over by real estate developer George S. Kaufman and renamed Kaufman Astoria Studios.</p><br>
<p>Motion pictures filmed there include the musicals Hair and The Wiz, and the films Goodfellas and Carlitos Way. In 1984, The Jacksons music video "Torture" was filmed there as well. The 1986 movie The Money Pit starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long. Many sequences, especially the visitation sequence in 2002 TV mini series Angels in America, were also shot there. A 2009 remake, The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3, also used the studios. In 2011, the remake of Arthur filmed a few scenes there.</p><br>
<p>Television shows filmed at the studio include Sesame Street, Onion News Network, Johnny and the Sprites, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego, and its successor Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?, Other projects recorded at the studios have included Judge Judy, Power of 10, The Cosby Show, Cosby, Swans Crossing, Law & Order, Million Dollar Password, the 2009 pilots of The $1,000,000 Pyramid, Video Power, Spin City, and Mariah Carey&#39;s MTV Unplugged. WFAN, a local sports radio station owned by CBS, was formerly based at the studio before moving to lower Manhattan in the fall of 2009.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the studio are lined with signed images of the performers who have worked in the studios, including Milton Berle, Frank Sinatra, Ginger Rogers, George Burns, Lena Horne, Ethel Merman, Bill Cosby, Paul Robeson, Lillian Gish, Claudette Colbert, Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald, Diana Ross, and Jerry Orbach.</p><br>
<h2>Recent activities</h2><br>
<p>Kaufman Astoria Studios has seven sound stages including the new Stage K, designed by the Janson Design Group.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Martin P. Robinson, who plays Mr. Snuffleupagus, Telly Monster, and Slimey the Worm on Sesame Street married Annie Evans, a writer for the show on the Sesame Street set. The ceremony was performed on the steps of 123 Sesame Street and the reception was held throughout the rest of the set.</p><br>
<p>On December 3, 2013, a 34,800 square foot backlot was dedicated. It is the only studio backlot in New York City.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, Kaufman Astoria Studios has announced plans to build a new 18,000-square-foot sound stage on its Astoria campus within two years.</p><br>
<p>Kaufman Astoria Studios Installed a 121kW Solar Array on the roof of their facility. The project was developed by Solar One Energy of Long Island City and provides 25% of the studio&#39;s power.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Richard Koszarski, The Astoria Studio and Its Fabulous Films: A Picture History with 227 Stills and Photographs. New York: Dover Publications, 1983 (Dover Books on Cinema and the Stage),</p><br>
<p>Richard Koszarski, Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. New Brunswick, NJ / London: Rutgers University Press, 20008,</p><br>
<p>Lake Burgas  or Lake Vaya , located near the Black Sea west of the city of Burgas, is the largest natural lake in Bulgaria, with an area of 27.60 km², a length of 9.6 km and a width of 2.5 to 5 km. It is up to 34 m deep.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s waters contain relatively little salt (about 4-11‰). Lake Burgas is inhabited by a wide variety of species, including 23 fish, 60 invertebrates and 254 bird species (of which 61 are endangered in Bulgaria and 9 in the world).</p><br>
<p>An important fish-producing reservoir in the past, Lake Burgas lost much of its economic importance after the construction of the petrochemical plant near the city, but has witnessed an increasing number of species and decreasing pollution in recent years.</p><br>
<p>Haleji Lake  is a perennial freshwater lake in Thatta District of Sindh Province, Pakistan. It is 6.58 km&sup2; in size and is surrounded by marshes and brackish seepage lagoons.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Haleji Lake was a saline lagoon until the 1930s and was converted into a reservoir to provide additional water to Karachi.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, additional water was required for troops stationed at Karachi. The then-British Government of Sindh decided to increase the capacity of the lake by introducing a feeder canal from the Indus River. Salt water was drained out and an embankment was constructed around the lake which was fed with fresh water through a canal. The work was placed on a war footing and was completed within 24 months.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Haleji Lake is a wintering site for waterfowl such as cotton teal, spot-billed duck, purple moorhen and pheasant-tailed jacana. It is also a breeding site for egrets and herons.</p><br>
<p>The Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop is on the family farm of inventor Cyrus Hall McCormick known as Walnut Grove. Cyrus Hall McCormick improved and patented the mechanical reaper, which eventually led to the creation of the combine harvester. The farm is near Steele&#39;s Tavern and Raphine, close to the northern border of Rockbridge and Augusta counties in the USA state of Virginia, and is currently a museum run by the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station of Virginia Tech. The museum with free admission and covers 5 acre of the initial 532 acre farm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm originally covered 532 acres with buildings centered on a scant 5 acres. On the farm eight out of the nine original buildings are still standing, many of which have been renovated since the farm was created in 1822 by Robert McCormick (1780–1846). The eight existing buildings include a grist mill, blacksmith shop, slave quarters, carriage house, manor house, smoke house, schoolroom, and housekeeper&#39;s quarters. In the original construction of the farm there was also an ice house which was demolished in the 1960s. Each of these different buildings played a specific role in the daily routine of the Cyrus McCormick farm. The grist mill, built prior to 1800, was used to grind wheat for flour. The blacksmith shop was used to build and repair all the farm implements needed by the McCormick family and was where Cyrus McCormick engineered his reaper. Slave quarters served as the home for the nine slaves that the McCormick family owned. Furthermore, the carriage house was used as a garage for the carriages and other wheeled vehicles. The manor house is centrally located on the farm and was constructed of brick in 1822, making it the first building on the McCormick farm. Behind the brick manor house was the smoke house where meat was dried and smoked to preserve it through the winter. Refrigeration was not introduced until the late 19th century. The McCormick family also maintained a school on their property for neighboring children.</p><br>
<p>The McCormick Farm at Walnut Grove is known as the birthplace of the mechanical reaper, the predecessor to the combine harvester. Cyrus McCormick reportedly designed, built, and tested his reaper all within six weeks at Walnut Grove, although the design may have been merely an improvement upon the similar device developed by his father and his brother Leander over 20 years. Shortly after constructing his first reaper he went on to harvest his first crop with it later that year. After building his first reaper, Cyrus constantly went back to the drawing board to revise and improve his basic design, coming out with new models almost every decade.</p><br>
<p>After his fathers death, Cyrus McCormick moved his base of operations from Rockbridge County, Virginia to Chicago, Illinois in 1847 because of the fertile prairie soil in the midwestern United States. In 1859, Cyrus was joined by his brothers Leander James McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick to form the company Cyrus H. McCormick and Brothers. By the end of the 19th century, McCormicks company had built a primitive combine, which could harvest grain even faster and cheaper than older reapers. Prior to inventing the reaper, farmers could only harvest 0.5 acre a day; after the reaper was invented, farmers could harvest 12 acre a day using less manual labor. The mechanical reaper did not require a family to toil all day to harvest crops. Instead, a single farmer merely operated the machine and the reaper would do the rest of the work. His work in mechanical reapers and harvesting techniques allowed farmers to cultivate plots of land bigger than ever thought possible.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, the company was merged with competitor Deering Harvester Company and (smaller ones) to form International Harvester.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The farm remained in the McCormick family up to 1954, before being donated to Virginia Polytechnical Institute as an agricultural center and Farm Memorial. Currently, the schoolroom has vintage textbooks, toys, and other school supplies dating from the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<p>The farm is less than 5 mi from the interchange of Raphine Road and Interstate 81, halfway between Lexington, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Keenjhar Lake  commonly called Kalri Lake  is in Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is 122 km from Karachi and 18 km from the town of Thatta. It is the second largest fresh water lake in Pakistan. It is an important source of drinking water for Thatta District and Karachi city.</p><br>
<p>Keenjhar Lake has been declared a ramsar site and a wildlife sanctuary. It provides a favorable habitat of winter migratory birds like ducks, geese, flamingos, cormorants, waders, herons, egrets, ibises, terns, coots and gulls. It has been observed as a breeding area of the black-crowned night heron, the cotton pygmy goose, purple swamphen, and pheasant-tailed jacana.</p><br>
<p>Keenjhar Lake is a popular tourist resort. A large number of people visit it daily from Karachi, Hyderabad and Thatta to enjoy picnic, swimming, fishing, and boating.</p><br>
<p>The Sindhi legend of Noori Jam Tamachi took place around the lake. To this day there is a shrine in the middle of the lake marking Noori&#39;s grave. Every day hundreds of devotees visit the shrine.</p><br>
<p>Hadero Lake  is located in Thatta District, Sindh, Hudero is important brackish water wetland of Sindh, where variety of waterfowl prefer to pass their time. It is at Hudero that one is more likely to see Swans, Storks, Crans and feeding flocks of Pelicans. It is considered one of the favourite lake of orionthologist. Hudero was declared wildlife sanctuary with objects to conserve and protect the natural environment in and around the lake for different migratory and resident birds. Lake Hudero is situated at 24 49N and 67 52E. It lies about 85 km to the east of Karachi. This lake was originally declared a Game Sanctuary under Section 15 of the West Pakistan Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1959 in 1971. In 1977 it was declared as Wildlife Sanctuary under a notification by Government of Sindh. At the time of declaration if protected area local people were allowed to catch fish from lake do not have the right to disturb the birds in winter season. Hudero is set on the edge of stony desert. It is a natural lake in a shallow depression. It has a surface area of 1321 hectars . Among the fauna except than fishes, waterfowl on the lake are fairly large number because of comparatively less disturbed condition. Also waders and cormorants are common. The lake owned by the Government. It was initially protected for shooting purpose in 1971 but keeping in view it potential and birds varieties ultimately it got the status of wildlife sanctuary. Because of its fish resources and on it dependency of local Mirbhar  fishing was allowed for their livelihood. For regular monitoring of wetland resources Sindh Wildlife Department has provided a facility of residential quarters for sanctuary staff, which consists of one Sanctuary Assistant, and six Game Watchers.Pakistan.</p><br>
<p>Snøhetta is the highest mountain in the Dovrefjell range, and the highest mountain in Norway outside the Jotunheimen range, making it the 24th highest peak in Norway, based on a 30-metre topographic prominence cutoff. Its topographic prominence is the third highest in Norway.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is inside Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has several peaks:</p><br>
<p>Stortoppen, the highest summit, 2,286 meters.</p><br>
<p>Midttoppen, 2,278 meters, prominence 40 m</p><br>
<p>Hettpiggen, 2,261 meters, prominence 50 m</p><br>
<p>Vesttoppen, 2,253 meters, prominence 70 m</p><br>
<p>Vesttoppen and Stortoppen are easily available by hiking or skiing, and from Stortoppen Midttoppen is easily accessible. Traversing Midttoppen, via Hettpiggen and to Vesttoppen requires climbing with a rope.</p><br>
<p>On Stortoppen there is a radio link station, originally installed by the Norwegian Army, and now serving primarily civilian purposes. The station and its emergency diesel generator, as well as a nearby helipad, detract somewhat from the aesthetics of the summit. For this reason, many recommend Vesttoppen as a better destination.</p><br>
<p>A small monument for the Norwegian philosopher, humourist, author and mountaineer Peter Wessel Zapffe is located near the summit of Vesttoppen.</p><br>
<p>Under good conditions in both summer and winter, the ascent is relatively easy. Common starting points are the DNT-cabins Reinheim, Snøheim, or Åmotdalshytta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Snøhetta was visited for the first time in 1798 as part of a scientific trip to the area. At that time it was assumed that was the highest summit in Norway, because the Jotunheimen area with its higher peaks was rather inaccessible and unresearched, while Snøhetta is visible from the traditional travel route Oslo-Trondheim across Dovrefjell.</p><br>
<p>The expression "til Dovre faller" (until the Dovre mountains fall) was used in the oath sworn during the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814, when Norway formed an independent nation after being a part of Denmark.</p><br>
<h2>The name</h2><br>
<p>The name is a compound of snø m snow and the finite form of hette hood - thus the mountain with a hood of snow.</p><br>
<p>Store Styggedalstind, is the fourth-highest summit in Norway, located within the Hurrungane mountains, which are part of the Jotunheimen mountain range. The mountain is located in the eastern part of the municipality of Luster in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. This mountain is directly between the mountains Sentraltind and Jervvasstind.</p><br>
<p>There are two summits on Store Styggedalstind:</p><br>
<p>The eastern summit is 2,387 m, with a primary factor of 155 m</p><br>
<p>The western summit is 300 m away from the eastern summit, and it is 2,370 m, with a primary factor of 25 m.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element of the name is the genitive form of the valley name Styggedalen and the last element is the finite form of tind which means "mountain peak&#39;. The name of the valley is a compound of stygg which means "ugly" or "bad" and the finite form of dal which means "dale" or "valley".</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The ascent is relatively challenging. There are three possibilities, in increasing order of difficulty:</p><br>
<p>Climb via Jervvasstind (Norway&#39;s 12th-highest peak), originating in Skogadalsbøen</p><br>
<p>Traverse the Jervvassbreen glacier and climb from there</p><br>
<p>Climb all the peaks from Store Skagastølstind (Norways third highest peak at 2,405 m) across to the summit—the so-called Styggedal traverse. It is a multi-day trek across Store Skagastølstind, Vetle Skagastølstind (18th-highest peak at 2,340 m), Sentraltind (13th-highest peak at 2,348 m), the eastern and then western summits of Styggedalstind, and then descending from Jervvasstind (12th-highest peak at 2,351 m)—bagging 6 of Norways 20 tallest peaks in one trip.</p><br>
<p>Spanish Lake  is located in the Bluff Swamp on the Iberville - Ascension Parish line. It is fed into by Alligator Bayou, Brand Bayou, Bayou Braud, and Bayou Paul. Spanish Lake is a part of the Bluff Swamp Wildlife Refuge and Botanical Gardens, a national non-profit organization which has preserved 901 acre of Bluff Swamp.</p><br>
<p>Spanish Lake/Alligator Bayou was the former home of Miss Earline&#39;s Alligator Hilton. The rustic bar was located about 10 miles South of LSU and was a favorite meeting place for Sunday afternoons/nights. Miss Earline would make a jambalaya out of chicken and whatever varmints were dragged out of the swamp that morning. Other times she would serve her homemade spaghetti. Miss Earline would proudly show the loaded 12 gauge she had behind the bar to keep the peace, and the walls of the bar were covered floor-to-ceiling with the dollar bills of past patrons. The Alligator Hilton was an essential piece of the LSU experience in the 1980s/early 90s.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Green was in Pasadena, southern California. The hotel was built in 1893 by George Gill Green, and was later expanded by him with two additional buildings in 1898 and 1903, creating a complex of three structures. The Hotel Green was the home of the Valley Hunt Club and the Tournament of Roses association.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Green, designed by Los Angeles-based architect Frederick Roehrig in 1893, was the first of the three buildings. The second building in the complex was originally known as the "Central Annex" and became known as "Castle Green." Green added a third annex in 1903, known as the "Wooster Block."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction on a hotel was initiated in 1887 by developer Edward C. Webster, between Raymond Avenue and the Santa Fe Railroad tracks. Webster built a new Santa Fe Railroad station next to his hotel site, for easy food and lodging business with trains&#39; arrival/departure passengers. Webster went bankrupt before finishing his hotel.</p><br>
<p>George Gill Green acquired the unfinished building, doubled the size and completed the hotel in 1893. The newly expanded hotel, named the Hotel Green, opened for business in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Green acquired a reputation as a luxury hotel. Pasadena historian Henry Markham Page later described it as "the first fine hotel in Pasadena". The hotel hosted society events such as receptions for significant visitors and the Valley Hunt Clubs annual ball. In addition, the hotel contributed to Pasadenas economy and population. Lodgers at the hotel were credited with spending large amounts of money at Pasadena businesses, and many tourists ultimately decided to live in Pasadena.</p><br>
<p>Due to the hotels success, Green began building an addition in 1897, and the "Central Annex" opened on January 16, 1899 to coincide with Greens birthday, and 1,000 guests came to celebrate the occasion. The new building, to become known as "Castle Green," was on a full city block but was set back from the streets, which provided open space for large new gardens. They became Pasadenas only public&#39; park at the time.</p><br>
<p>The hotel continued to grow in popularity with the new Central Annex. Its pedestrian bridge to the main hotel over Raymond Avenue became a popular viewing site for the Rose Parade, which ran along Raymond at the time. In 1903 Green added a third annex, known as the Wooster Block. It incorporated an earlier building constructed in 1887, which had been part of the original site of the California Institute of Technology. Green planned to add a fourth annex, before running short on money for construction.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>Daniel M. Linnard bought the hotel from George Gill Green in 1914. The hotels business declined after this point, as the rise of automobile travel took away its market of Santa Fe Railroad passengers at the adjacent train station. The original 1894 Hotel Green building on the east side of Raymond Avenue was sold in 1920. By 1924 the hotel was owned by a group of investors who divided the hotel complex into three parts. The Central Annex was subdivided into fifty residential apartments and renamed the Castle Green. The Castle Green is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the State Historic Register, and the City of Pasadenas list of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Half of the footbridge connecting the two buildings was demolished in 1929, and the original Hotel Green building largely met the same fate in 1935. Castle Green became an apartment complex and has been used as a film set for movies such as The Sting and "Sneakers." The Wooster Block survived the demolition but fell into disuse; it eventually became a senior citizens&#39; home in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>In film</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Green is famous as the "Bodega Bay Inn" in the Puppet Master film series.</p><br>
<p>Wakulla Springs is located 14 mi south of Tallahassee, Florida and 5 mi east of Crawfordville in Wakulla County, Florida at the crossroads of State Road 61 and State Road 267. It is protected in the Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Wakulla cave is a branching flow-dominated cave that has developed in the Floridan Aquifer under the Woodville Karst Plain of north Florida.</p><br>
<p>It is classified as a first magnitude spring and a major exposure point for the Floridan Aquifer. The spring forms the Wakulla River which flows 9 mi to the southeast where it joins the St. Marks River. After a short 5 mi the St. Marks empties into the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachee Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History and discovery</h2><br>
<p>Scientific interest in the spring began in 1850, when Sarah Smith reported seeing the bones of an ancient mastodon on the bottom. Since that time, scientists have identified the remains of at least nine other extinct mammals that date to the last glacial period, deposited as far as 1,200 feet (360 m) back into a cave. Today, at a depth of about 190 ft, the fossilized remains of mastodons are in full view along with other fossils.</p><br>
<p>The Florida Geological Survey (FGS) commissioned their first study in August and September 1930 with geologist Herman Gunter. Gunter&#39;s work focused on the recovery of fossils found in the spring basin. He utilized hard hat diving techniques, a dredge, and "long-handled grappling tongs". A mastodon recovered from their work is now on display at the Museum of Florida History.</p><br>
<p>The FGS conducted additional studies at Wakulla Springs in 1955, 1956, and 1962 under the direction of vertebrate paleontologist, Stanley J. Olsen.</p><br>
<p>A major further exploration of Wakulla Springs was conducted in October–December 1987 by an expedition led by Dr. Bill Stone. The expedition team, which also included Sheck Exley and Wesley C. Skiles, penetrated the cave system to a distance of 4,160 ft from the cave entrance. Skiles filmed the expedition for a National Geographic special. During the expedition Stones Cis-Lunar Mk-1 rebreather was demonstrated in a 24-hour dive which used only half of the systems capacity. In 1998-1999, Stone directed an international group of explorers consisting of over 100 volunteers to participate in the Wakulla 2 Project.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric humans</h2><br>
<p>Upper Paleolithic - Paleo-Indians lived at or near the spring over 12,000 years and were descendants of people who crossed into North America from eastern Asia during the Pleistocene. Clovis spear points have been found at Wakulla Springs.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric animal life</h2><br>
<p>American mastodon (Mammut americanum) found at Wakulla.</p><br>
<p>Ice Age camel (Camelops hesternus)</p><br>
<p>Giant ground sloth (Eremotherium laurillardi)</p><br>
<p>Saber-toothed tiger (Smilodon populator) found at Wakulla.</p><br>
<p>Columbian mammoth (Mammutus columbi)</p><br>
<p>Ancient bison (Bison antiquus)</p><br>
<p>Equus (Equus scotti) found near Wakulla.</p><br>
<p>Short-faced bear (Arctodus simus)</p><br>
<p>Miocene dugong (Metaxytherium crataegense) found near Wakulla.</p><br>
<p>American lion (Panthera leo atrox) found in Florida.</p><br>
<h2>Animal life today</h2><br>
<p>Found in and around Wakulla Springs are West Indian manatees, white-tailed deer, North American river otters, American alligators, Suwannee River cooters (Pseudemys suwanniensis), snapping turtles, softshell turtles, limpkin, purple gallinules, herons, egrets, bald eagles, anhingas, ospreys, common moorhens, wood ducks, black vultures and turkey vultures.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<h3>Underwater cave system</h3><br>
<p>Wakulla cave consists of a dendritic network of conduits of which 12 mi have been surveyed and mapped. The conduits are characterized as long tubes with diameter and depth being consistent (300 ft depth); however, joining tubes can be divided by larger chambers of varying geometries. The largest conduit trends south from the spring/cave entrance for over 3.8 mi. Four secondary conduits, including Leon Sinks, intersect the main conduit. Most of these secondary conduits have been fully explored.</p><br>
<p>On December 15, 2007, Woodville Karst Plain Project divers physically connected the Wakulla Springs and Leon Sinks cave systems establishing the Wakulla-Leon Sinks cave system.</p><br>
<h3>Specifics on flow rate</h3><br>
<p>Flow rate of the spring is 200 - of water a day. A record peak flow from the spring on April 11, 1973 was measured at 14,324 USgal per second – equal to 1.2 e9USgal per day.</p><br>
<h2>Wakulla Springs in film</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1938, several of the early Tarzan films including Tarzans New York Adventure starring Johnny Weissmuller were filmed on location in Wakulla Springs. Other films such as Return of the Creature, Night Moves, Airport 77 and Joe Panther starring Brian Keith and Ricardo Montalbán were also filmed on location at Wakulla Springs.</p><br>
<p>Most of the movie history can be traced back to Edward Ball (businessman), who purchased the land surrounding Wakulla in 1934. Initially, Wakulla was not a tourist destination, but rather a reclusive resort. This changed when Ball hired a new manager, Newt Perry. Perry is the man who brought publicity to Wakulla Springs. He previously worked at Silver Springs and was established in the movie community during his time there. Then, movie crews followed him to Wakulla Springs.</p><br>
<p>Perry shot a series of underwater short films at Wakulla. One notorious films is What a Picnic!, in which a picnic scene was designed underwater and teenagers would dive down and re-enact a lunch sequence. These underwater films highlighted the aquatic environment that Wakulla Springs offered. Besides these short films, Perry is credited with luring the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan crews to Wakulla Springs, whose environment would act as a stand in for Africa. Perry previously worked with MGM at Silver Springs during the production of Tarzan Finds a Son!.</p><br>
<p>Grantland Rice also shot scenes from a lesser known movie at Wakulla Springs. Amphibious Fighters (1943) was one of Rice&#39;s wartime shorts, which was conveniently produced following the United States entry into World War II. In Amphibious Fighters, the producer Jack Eaton staged a mock battle scene at Wakulla Springs. This battle scene intended to duplicate the real-life conditions soldiers would face when storming the beaches at Normandy circa 1944. Unlike previous Rice films, Amphibious Fighters was not meant to be humorous and would go on to win an Academy Award for Best Short Subject (One-Reel) in 1944.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<h3>Wakulla Springs Lodge</h3><br>
<p>In 1931, Edward Ball, a businessman from Virginia, bought property in Tallahassee, Florida and construction on the Wakulla Springs Lodge started in 1935. Edward Ball hired the architectural firm, Marsh and Saxelbye, who were based in Jacksonville, Florida and known for their Mediterranean style mansions. Initially, the lodge was built as a guest house and was turned into a hotel after his death in 1981 by the Edward Ball Wildlife Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The lodge is now a hotel with twenty-seven unique rooms that contain genuine antique furniture. There are two rooms called the Edward Ball Room and the Jessie Ball duPont Room that belonged to Edward Ball and his sister, respectively. In the Edward Ball Room, there is the closet that Edward Ball used to hide his supply of Old Forester Bourbon during Prohibition and during the time Wakulla County was a dry county.</p><br>
<p>The lobby of the lodge is home to one of the oldest working Art Deco elevators and the largest known marble bar. The use of Tennessee marble is vast in the lobby, decorating baseboards, floors, stairwells, and desktops. The main staircase is made of marble and ironwork. The ironwork railing was forged onsite and feature local wildlife, some of which are life-size.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, artisans started working to conserve the ceiling of the lodge, funded in part by the State of Florida, Division of Historical Resources and the Historic Preservation Board. Each picture on the 5,800 square-foot ceiling depicts historic Floridian scenes. The techniques are a combination of many, namely European folk art with Native American influences.</p><br>
<h3>Hiking</h3><br>
<p>Wakulla Springs has up to 9 miles of hiking trails running through it. There are two major trails in the springs. The Cherokee Sink Trail winds around the Cherokee Sink for 1.4 miles. The Cherokee Sink is 80 feet deep and offers a scenic view where you can stop to eat lunch at one of the picnic tables found along the trail. The Bob Rose Trail follows the cave system and starts at the southeast corner of the park. Along the trail there are dry and wet sinks, swallows, and a collapsed cave.</p><br>
<h3>Boat tours</h3><br>
<p>Starting from 1875, glass-bottom boat tours have been an attraction at Wakulla Springs. While the glass bottom tours do not occur as often as in previous years due to lack of water clarity, the tours are still held when the water is clear. The tour lasts for 30 minutes and has three afternoon times: noon, 1:00pm, and 2:00pm. The tour costs $8 for adults (in this case people thirteen or older), $5 for children aged three to twelve, and free for children under three.</p><br>
<p>There is also the River Boat Tour along the Wakulla River. This tour lasts from around 45 minutes to an hour and allows visitors to see an abundance of wildlife. This tour occurs 365 days a year, as long as weather permits. The times of the tour vary but they start at 9:40am and the last one departs at 4:30pm. The cost for the tour is $8 for adults aged thirteen and above, $5 for children aged three to twelve, and free for children under three.</p><br>
<h3>Geo-Seeking</h3><br>
<p>Wakulla Springs allows people to go geocaching in their parks. This just requires the person to bring their own GPS. The participants use their GPS to locate treasure left by others in Wakulla Springs by inputting the coordinates given. Wakulla Springs is part of the Operation Recreation GeoTour. It&#39;s a tour that spans from Key West to the Florida panhandle. If someone is one of the first 75 to visit 40 caches, they win a geocoin.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<h3>The problem</h3><br>
<p>It came to the attention of conservationists that there was a big problem in late 1998 when populations of the Florida applesnail underwent a dramatic decline, then the iconic Limpkin bird followed suit and left by the fall of 1999. What was once a thriving and diverse ecosystem in North Florida is transitioning into a “biological desert” says Wakulla Springs conservationist Jim Stevenson The problem is people. Human population increase has rendered grave consequence on our natural surrounding. The Wakulla springs basin stretches about 1,300 miles north of the spring in Florida and even into some of South Georgia. The water pollution from storm water runoff, as well as nitrate rich human water contamination through waste and pollution seeps into the underground aquifer and trickles down and flows out of the Wakulla spring as water at the end of the pipe.</p><br>
<h3>The solution</h3><br>
<p>Measures have already been taken to lessen the contamination of the spring. The City of Tallahassee has built a Cascades Park which is a state of the art storm water drainage point disguised as a municipal park for citizens. This helps reduce the amount of contaminated water entering the basin. The City of Tallahassee has also increased regulations on their wastewater. Though these are huge and impactful remedies, the conscious effort of everyone to reduce their contribution to the contamination will be the biggest aid in not letting Wakulla Springs become nothing more than a memory. Things such as lowering pollution, using less harsh fertilizers, and better waste solutions other than septic tanks that leak enormous amounts of nitrates into the soil, and thus the spring. These solutions will hopefully not only lead to the survival of the springs, but the rejuvenations for generations to come.</p><br>
<p>The Dents du Midi  are a multi-summited mountain situated in the Chablais Alps in the Swiss canton of Valais. They are composed of seven distinct summits and reach a height of 3257 metres . Highest mountain between Lake Geneva and the Mont Blanc Massif, they dominate the Val-d&#39;Illiez and the Rhône Valley, from Martigny down to the lake. Together with the slightly lower Tour Sallière, they form a cirque around the Lac de Salanfe, an artificial reservoir. Geologically it makes up a part of the massif Haut-Giffre.</p><br>
<h2>The seven peaks</h2><br>
<p>The "Dents", or "Teeth" are, from east to west:</p><br>
<p>La Cime de l&#39;Est (3178 metres, 10,426.51 feet)</p><br>
<p>La Forteresse (3164 m, 10,380.58 ft)</p><br>
<p>La Cathédrale (3160 m, 10,367.45 ft)</p><br>
<p>L&#39;Éperon (3114 m, 10,216.54 ft)</p><br>
<p>Dent Jaune (3186 m, 10,452.76 ft)</p><br>
<p>Les Doigts (3205 m, 10,515.09 ft and 3210 m, 10,531.50 ft) or Doigts de Salanfe</p><br>
<p>La Haute Cime (3257 m, 10,685.70 ft)</p><br>
<h2>Rockfalls</h2><br>
<p>On the morning of October 30, 2006, a mass of 1,000,000 m³ (35,300,000 ft³) of rocks detached themselves from the side of the Haute Cime and fell down the side to an altitude of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) The event did not pose any danger for the nearby town of Val-d&#39;Illiez but roads and footpaths were closed as a security measure. According to the geologists of the canton, the landslide was caused by thawing, assisted by the hot summers of the preceding years.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after midday on Friday 17 August 2012, another significant rockfall occurred below the Cathédrale, amounting to at least 100,000m³ of rock. Twelve hikers were rescued by helicopter, All were unscathed, as was a flock of sheep grazing nearby. Again, the fall was put down to exceptional heat locally.</p><br>
<p>Less serious falls continued over the next few days and hiking trails remained closed.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>The name "Dents du Midi" is of relatively recent origin. The native inhabitants originally called them the "Dents de Tsallen" ("teeth of Tsallen"). The present Haute Cime was then called Dent du Midi, and it eventually gave its name to the entire mountain.</p><br>
<p>Each peak, or "tooth", has had several names over the centuries:</p><br>
<p>La Cime de l&#39;Est (Summit of the East) was called Mont de Novierre before approximately the seventeenth century, then Mont Saint Michel after the landslides of 1635 and 1636, and finally Dent Noire (Black Tooth) till the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Dent Jaune (The Yellow Tooth) was called the Dent Rouge (Red Tooth) until 1879.</p><br>
<p>Les Doigts (The Fingers) were called Le Doigt de Champéry (The Finger of Champéry, 1882) then Le Doigt de Salanfe (The Finger of Salanfe, 1886) before finally just Les Doigts.</p><br>
<p>La Haute Cime (The High Summit) also had several names: Dent de l’Ouest (Tooth of the West, 1784), Dent du Midi (Tooth of the South), Dent de Tsallen (Tooth of Tsallen), and Dent de Challent (Tooth of Challent).</p><br>
<h2>L’Éperon</h2><br>
<p>Several ruptures in the massif have changed the form of the peaks so much that the names adapted themselves according to the geological evolution. L’Éperon (The Spur), for example, no longer has two summits, since a landslide in the Middle Ages significantly changed this peak.</p><br>
<h2>First ascents</h2><br>
<p>Jockey Hollow, also known as Wick House and Wick Hall, was the traditional Wick family estate in New Jersey. Throughout the Revolutionary War, it was used by the Continental Army as its main winter encampment, and it housed the entire Continental Army during the Winter at Jockey Hollow, the harshest winter of the War, from December 1779 to June 1780.</p><br>
<p>It is located in Harding Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Since 1933, the Wick House has been part of Morristown National Historical Park in Morristown, New Jersey. Morristown National Historical Park is administered by the National Park Service, USA Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<h2>Wick family</h2><br>
<p>Henry Wick was born October 23, 1707 in Bridgehampton, Suffolk County, New York to Justice John Wick and his wife Temperance Barnes, and was a grandson of the Pilgrim Father John Wicks. His fathers family, the Wick family, were one of the first and oldest families in America, and his mothers family, the Barnes, were a wealthy Connecticut family related to the Drury, Calthorpe, and Stapleton families of England. Henry&#39;s brother John Wick was an ancestor of Hilton Wick and Frances Wick, and was educated at Yale University according to the wishes of their father, and graduated with a B.A. in 1722. Unlike his brother John, Henry did not have the benefits of a university education, and decided to take up farming. On February 12, 1735, he married Mary Cooper, and together they had five children: Henry, Mary, James, Phebe, Temperance. Over time, it became clear the young Henry Wick was mentally unbalanced and likely insane. In 1746 Nathan Cooper, of Roxbury (Chester) township, and Henry Wick jointly bought 1,114 acres on the Passaic River, a property then known as Dick Tract, and which Wick later renamed Jockey Hollow. Wick and his family then migrated from Long Island to New Jersey, and built the Wick House some time between 1747 and 1750.</p><br>
<p>Local lore had it that the young Tempe (Temperance) Wick, moved the family&#39;s horses into the house to hide them from the British army, who were looking for horses to commandeer.</p><br>
<p>The Wick House imitates the Long Island style which Henry Wick was familiar with. The house itself is only one story with an attic. However, the Wick family were relatively wealthy, and unlike most homesteads in this area, which were constructed of logs, the Wick House was constructed using wood, which reflected the family&#39;s prosperity.</p><br>
<p>On March 2, 1933, Morristown became the first National Historical Park, incorporating the Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and the site of Fort Nonsense, as well as constructing the Washington Headquarters Museum, which was completed and opened in 1938.</p><br>
<p>In 1934, the Wick House was restored to its original condition for the purpose of tourism. The Wick House is the principal attraction of Morristown National Park.</p><br>
<h2>American Revolutionary War</h2><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, Henry Wick owned Jockey Hollow, which by then consisted of 1400 acres of timber and open field. He was also the Captain of the Morris County Cavalry, whose duty it was to protect Governor Livingston, the Privy Council, and the New Jersey government. For this reason, the Wick family was considered the ideal family to house the Army. The Wick estate was considered the ideal location, because the elevation of Jockey Hollow was several hundred feet above the British to the east. The mountainous range also allowed soldiers to detect British movement. During the winter of 1779-1780, nearly 600 acres of timber on Jockey Hollow were cut down by the soldiers to be used for the construction of huts and as firewood.l</p><br>
<h2>Army encampment</h2><br>
<p>Strategically, the Wick family were considered by the officers of the Continental Army to be one of the most reliable and patriotic families in America, so the Army never had any trouble quartering there, nor did the Wick family ever require compensation for the use of their land, which was especially important to Congress. The Continental Army had wintered there in 1776-77 following Washington’s Crossing of the Delaware and the subsequent America victories at Trenton and Princeton. One fourth of the Army died from smallpox or dysentery. During that Winter, the Wicks hosted Captain Joseph Bloomfield.</p><br>
<p>Jockey Hollow had hosted prominent officers before the winter of 1779-1780. Alexander Hamilton was likely quartered at the Wick House at least once during the War. The Wicks would use one side of the house, and gave the other to the officers who were quartered with them, and the Wicks would share the kitchen and dining room with the officers.</p><br>
<h2>The Winter at Jockey Hollow</h2><br>
<p>During the Winter of 1779-1780, the Wicks housed General Arthur St. Clair, who was then commander of the Pennsylvania Line, and several of his aides.</p><br>
<p>On October 17, 1779, the entire Continental Army, consisting of 13,000 men, encamped for the winter at Jockey Hollow. Soldiers camped at this location until June 1780, during which time they endured some of the harshest conditions of the war. In the days of horsepower, this was considered an impregnable redoubt. Another reason why the location was chosen was because the surrounding area held citizens, like the Wick family, who were the strongest patriots in the region and the most sympathetic to the rebel cause. The region was also home to many Huguenots, like Joshua Guerin, whose house is still preserved at the Park, but is inaccessible to Park visitors.</p><br>
<p>The Winter at Jockey Hollow was the worst winter of the war, even worse than the Winter at Valley Forge two years before. Twelve men often shared one of over one thousand simple huts built in Jockey Hollow to house the Army. Desertions were frequent. The entire Pennsylvania Line successfully mutinied, and later 200 New Jersey soldiers attempted to emulate them. Several of the ringleaders of the latter were hanged.</p><br>
<h2>The Legend of Tempe Wick</h2><br>
<p>On December 21, 1780, Henry Wick died at Jockey Hollow. In January 1781, the Pennsylvania soldiers under the command of General Anthony Wayne mutinied. The soldiers intended to gather food and other supplies, including horses. They supposedly intended to travel south to Philadelphia to march on Congress. They demanded higher pay and better living conditions for soldiers. Instead of heading south to Philadelphia, the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania negotiated with them, and the mutiny ended peacefully, and many of the soldiers agreed to stay in the army.</p><br>
<p>During that same winter, Mary Wick, the widow of Henry Wick, sent her daughter, Temperance Wick, known locally as Temp, to get her brother-in-law, Dr. Leddel. Upon returning on her horse, Tempe was stopped by several soldiers and ordered to dismount and give them her horse. Tempe pretended to dismount, but tricked the soldiers, and escaped with her horse. When she returned to Jockey Hollow, she hid the horse in her bedroom using a feather bed to muffle the sound of the horses hooves.</p><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter, the soldiers came looking for the horse and searched the barn and in the woods surrounding the home, and never imagined that the horse was hidden inside the house. In one version of this legend, the horse remained hidden in the home for three weeks. This inspired Ann Rinaldi&#39;s famous novel, A Ride Into Morning, which combines several versions of the story together, told from the perspective of Mary Cooper, a cousin of Tempe Wick, who lived at Jockey Hollow during the Winter at Jockey Hollow.</p><br>
<p>Other versions of the story include Tempe Wick saving General Washington from mutineers during the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny, passing letters through British lines, and acting as a spy. However, these versions of the story are generally regarded as erroneous.</p><br>
<h2>Wick garden</h2><br>
<p>Supposedly, the Wick garden at Jockey Hollow was the place where the Marquis de Lafayette delivered to General George Washington the news that the French were sending a large fleet and army to reinforce the Continental Army in America. The French intervention would be the turning point of the War.</p><br>
<p>The Wick garden is still maintained by the Park Service, and, along with the Wick House, is considered one of New Jersey&#39;s primary tourist attractions.</p><br>
<h2>Soldier housing</h2><br>
<p>Soldiers had to build their own huts including surrounding trenches for drainage. The huts, made of log, were 14 by and 6.5 ft high. Twelve men often shared one of over one thousand simple huts built in Jockey Hollow to house the army. Inside the huts soldiers had a fireplace for warmth and cooking. To create a floor they packed the ground for an earthen floor. Soldiers also had to make their own furniture, including bunks and tables. Their bunks got covered with straw and each soldier was given one blanket. Soldiers huts were about 2 to 3 ft (50–100 cm) apart, with three rows of eight huts for each regiment. By 1780, soldiers had built about 1,200 huts in Jockey Hollow.</p><br>
<p>Several monuments are dedicated and built over the mass graves of the soldiers who died at Jockey Hollow.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Jockey Hollow Visitor Center</p><br>
<p>Wick House: Park employee in period dress.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Biking</p><br>
<p>Bird Watching</p><br>
<p>Hiking</p><br>
<p>Interpretive Programs</p><br>
<p>Snow Skiing</p><br>
<p>Children&#39;s Junior Ranger Program</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour in Faribault is the oldest cathedral in Minnesota. Built 1862–1869, it was the first church in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America designed as a cathedral. The architect was James Renwick, Jr., who also designed St. Patricks Cathedral in New York, the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington, D.C., and a very similar church, the Christ Church by the Sea in Colón, Panama. On August 10, 1979, the cathedral and its guild house were added to the National Register of Historic Places. On February 19, 1982, there was a boundary increase to add the bishops residence to the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Our Merciful Saviour was founded by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple, who is buried beneath the altar. In 1941 St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Cathedral in Minneapolis was dedicated as the seat of the bishop for the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota, but the Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour retains its status as a full cathedral as well.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listings</h2><br>
<h3>Original</h3><br>
<p>Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour **</p><br>
<p>(added 1979 - Building - #79001253)</p><br>
<p>Also known as See Also: Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour and Guild House</p><br>
<p>515 2nd Ave., NW, Faribault</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Renwick & Co.</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Gothic Revival</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Religion</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1850-1874</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<h3>Boundary increase</h3><br>
<p>Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour and Guild House (Boundary Increase) **</p><br>
<p>(added 1982 - Building - #82003009)</p><br>
<p>Also known as See Also:Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour</p><br>
<p>515 2nd Ave., NW, Faribault</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Person, Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Unknown</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Late Victorian</p><br>
<p>Historic Person: Whipple, Bishop Henry Benjamin</p><br>
<p>Significant Year: 1894</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Religion</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1875-1899</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Church Related Residence</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Church Related Residence</p><br>
<p>Eastcliff is a 20-room house overlooking the Mississippi River in St. Paul, Minnesota, which serves as the official residence of the president of the University of Minnesota system. It was first built in 1922 by local lumber magnate Edward Brooks Sr. and donated to the university by the Brooks family in 1958, beginning its service as the presidents official residence in 1960 when O. Meredith Wilson took the position. In 2000, the home was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Today, it is the most-visited public residence in the state , often hosting events five days a week. 6,800 people were recorded attending 159 events in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Georgian colonial style by Clarence H. Johnston Sr., a close friend of Brooks and an architect who had designed many buildings at the university to fit a master plan by Cass Gilbert. Numerous renovations took place over the years, though repair efforts did not keep pace with wear and tear. In 1988, extensive repairs began on the house, but unforeseen problems caused costs to double. The ensuing outcry contributed to the exit of president Kenneth Keller from office.</p><br>
<p>The following is a list of university presidents who have resided at Eastcliff:</p><br>
<p>O. Meredith Wilson</p><br>
<p>Malcolm Moos</p><br>
<p>C. Peter Magrath</p><br>
<p>Kenneth Keller</p><br>
<p>Nils Hasselmo</p><br>
<p>Mark Yudof</p><br>
<p>Robert H. Bruininks</p><br>
<p>Eric W. Kaler</p><br>
<p>The Washington Coliseum, formerly Uline Arena, is an indoor arena in Washington, D.C. located at 1132, 1140, and 1146 3rd Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C. It was the site of the first concert by The Beatles in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It is directly adjacent to the railroad tracks, just north of Union Station, and bounded by L and M Streets.</p><br>
<p>While later used as a parking facility, it once hosted the Basketball Association of Americas Washington Capitols, coached by Red Auerbach from 1946 to 1949, and the American Basketball Associations Washington Caps in 1969–1970. It also was host to many performances and athletic events of varying types, including ice skating, martial arts, ballet, music, circuses, and speeches. As an arena, it held 7,000 to 9,000 people for events.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 11,000-seat Uline Ice Arena, which opened in February 1941, was built by Miguel L. "Uncle Mike" Uline for his ice hockey team, the Washington Lions of the now defunct Eastern Amateur Hockey League. Uline built the arena next to his ice business,</p><br>
<p>After World War II ended in 1945, the arena was restored for use as an ice hockey and basketball venue. During the 1946-1947, 1949-1950, and 1950-1951 seasons, the Georgetown University Hoyas men&#39;s basketball team played its home games at Uline Arena.</p><br>
<p>One of President Dwight D. Eisenhower′s two inaugural balls in 1953 was held at Uline Arena.</p><br>
<p>Jewelry wholesaler Harry G. Lynn bought the arena in 1959 for $1 million. In 1959, Elijah Muhammad gave a speech there, and Malcolm X once spoke there as well. In 1960, Lynn renamed the building the Washington Coliseum.</p><br>
<h3>Beatles concert</h3><br>
<p>On February 11, 1964, The Beatles played their first concert in the United States at the Washington Coliseum, less than 48 hours after the bands appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. Tickets to the show at the Coliseum ranged from $2 to $4. There were 8,092 fans at the concert, which was opened by The Chiffons, The Caravelles, and Tommy Roe. The Beatles opened with "Roll Over Beethoven." In 2014, Roe reflected that "the marquee didnt say anything about the other acts. It just said The Beatles. It was all about them. But I wasnt offended. Thats just the way it worked. I was there to do my two songs and then get off the stage." The Beatles played for approximately 40 minutes.</p><br>
<p>Bob Dylan performed at the Washington Coliseum, and the photograph of Dylan on the cover of Bob Dylan&#39;s Greatest Hits was taken at a concert at the Coliseum on November 28, 1965. Chuck Brown also performed there. In 1967, after a riot during a performance by The Temptations, concerts were banned at the Coliseum.</p><br>
<h3>Washington Caps – ABA</h3><br>
<p>The American Basketball Association&#39;s defending championship team, the Oakland Oaks, moved to Washington and played as the Washington Caps during the 1969–1970 season. The Oaks were owned by entertainer Pat Boone and had captured the ABA Championship in the 1968–69 season. However, Boone subsequently sold the team to Earl Foreman due to poor attendance in Oakland. Foreman relocated the franchise to Washington. Hall of Famers Rick Barry and Larry Brown played for the Caps, with Brown leading the league in assists and Barry averaging 27 points per game. The team finished 44–40 and was eliminated by the Denver Rockets in the playoffs. Plagued by poor attendance, the franchise relocated again and became the Virginia Squires following their one season in the Washington Coliseum.</p><br>
<p>From May 3 to 5, 1971, the building was used as a makeshift jail for up to 1,200 male and female prisoners arrested during the 1971 May Day Protests against the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>The building fell into obscurity after the opening of the Capital Centre in suburban Landover, Maryland, in 1973, and it closed in 1986. In 1994, Waste Management, the company that handles trash disposal for the District of Columbia, purchased the building, and used it as a trash transfer station until 2003. Waste Management applied for a demolition permit on May 9, 2003, and the D.C. Preservation League responded by listing the building in its "Most Endangered Places for 2003". Waste Management sold the building to Douglas Development in 2004. In order to protect the building from efforts to raze it, it was added to the official protection list of the D.C. Historic Preservation Review Board in November 2006. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, on May 17, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Formerly a popular spot for graffiti, the Coliseum also has been used as an indoor parking lot, with the adjacent ice house vacant. Billboards also have been mounted on the building. In 2009, the Coliseum was owned by Douglas Jemal.</p><br>
<h3>The site today</h3><br>
<p>The building still stands today near Union Station in the NoMa neighborhood, which formerly was known as Swampoodle. In 2015, outdoor retailer REI announced that it would develop the property into its fifth flagship store and first store in Washington, D.C. In addition to the 51,000-square-foot (4,738-square-meter) REI store, plans called for the fully redeveloped site also to house 146,200 square feet (13,582 square meters) of office space and an additional 17,000 square feet (1,579 square meters) of retail space for other users. The REI store opened on October 21, 2016, with a marching band and other festivities, as the largest REI store on the United States East Coast. In April 2017 Spaces, a co-working brand based in Luxembourg, became the second tenant taking over 34,000 square feet of office space. Spaces Co-working is a subsidiary of Regus who is owned by International Workplace Group.</p><br>
<p>The River Wheelock is a small river in Cheshire in north west England. It drains water from the area between Sandbach and Crewe, and joins the River Dane at Middlewich , and then the combined river flows into the River Weaver in Northwich. Alternative names for the river have were recorded in 1619 as Sutton Watter, Sutton Brooke, and Lawton Brooke.</p><br>
<p>Early recorded variations of the name Wheelock have included Quelok, Qwelok, Whelok, Whelocke, with later forms using Wheelock Watter and Wheelock Brooke. The name is said to mean "winding river" and it is reported to have based on the Old Welsh word chwylog, the chwyl part of which means "a turn, a rotation, a course", with an adjective suffix of og. The river has given its name to the large village of Wheelock.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>In his book The History of Cheshire (1778), Daniel King et al write:</p><br>
<p>The Gulf of Martaban  or the Gulf of Mottama is an arm of the Andaman Sea in the southern part of Burma. The gulf is named after the port city of Mottama . The Salween Sittaung and Yangon rivers empty into it.</p><br>
<p>A characteristic feature of the Gulf of Martaban is that it has a tide-dominated coastline. Tides ranges between 4&ndash;7 m with the highest tidal range at the Elephant Point in the western Gulf of Martaban.</p><br>
<p>During spring tide, when the tidal range is around 6.6 m, the turbid zone covers an area of more than 45,000 km making it one of the largest perennially turbid zones of the world&#39;s oceans. During neap tide, with tidal range of 2.98 m, the highly turbid zone coverage drops to 15,000 km. The edge of the highly turbid zone migrates back-and-forth in-sync with every tidal cycle by nearly 150 km.</p><br>
<p>The gulf is home to varieties of species and the Eden&#39;s whale was scientifically recognized in the water.</p><br>
<p>The Rosenbaum House is a single-family house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and built for Stanley and Mildred Rosenbaum in Florence, Alabama. A noted example of his Usonian house concept, it is the only Wright building in Alabama, and is one of only 26 pre-World War II Usonian houses. Wright scholar John Sergeant called it "the purest example of the Usonian."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1938 newlyweds Stanley Rosenbaum (a professor at Florence State Teachers College) and his wife Mildred were given a building lot and funds to build a house in Florence, Alabama. Both had read Frank Lloyd Wrights autobiography and a cover story on Wright in Time magazine. The Rosenbaums took up residence in September 1940 and the first photographs of the house were exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City the following month. This house was also the childhood home of notable American film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The city opened the house as a public museum, the Frank Lloyd Wright Rosenbaum House, in 2002. The museum displays some of the original Wright designed furniture, and won the 2004 Wright Spirit Award in the Public Domain from the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. Mildred Rosenbaum was the first recipient of the Wright Spirit Award for her tireless efforts through the Frank Lloyd Wright Rosenbaum House Foundation. In her last five years in residence, which ended in 1998, nearly 5,000 visitors received personal tours conducted by Mrs. Rosenbaum, who died in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Rosenbaum House was the first of dozens of Wright&#39;s Usonian houses based on the 1936 Usonian prototype Jacobs House in Madison, Wisconsin. The house was built on a 2 acre plot at 117 Riverview Drive (now 601 Riverview, after renumbering), on the north bank of the Tennessee River. Built in an L-shape, the house is made from natural materials, largely cypress wood and brick, and features multilevel low-rising steel-cantilevered roofs covering both the living spaces and an adjoining carport. A distinctive feature of the house is its glass; USA Today described it as "blurring the distinction between indoors and outdoors."</p><br>
<p>The original Usonian floorplan provided 1,540 square feet (143 m) of living space, but when the Rosenbaums had their fourth child they asked Wright to design an extension to the now cramped house. His modifications, completed in 1948, added a further 1,084 square feet (100 m) in a second L-shape.</p><br>
<p>The Sacrower See is a German lake in the northern part of Potsdam in the State of Brandenburg.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Sacrower See, with the Groß Glienicker See 0.7 km to the north and the Heiliger See 1.6 km from Potsdam, forms a chain of lakes which flow into the extensive network of Havel River waterways.</p><br>
<p>The lake extends in a north-south direction for over 2.8 km. Its widest point is 406 m and its narrowest 190 m. Sacrow, a district of Potsdam, is located on the southeastern shore. The remaining shore is forested and part of the Königswald Nature Preserve.</p><br>
<p>During the Cold War, the lake was part of the border isolating West Berlin and kept under close East German surveillance. In 1986 Rainer Liebeke of Gotha drowned in Sacrower See when attempting to escape to West Berlin.</p><br>
<p>The San Emigdio Mountains are a part of the Transverse Ranges in Southern California, extending from Interstate 5 at Lebec and Gorman on the east to Highway 33–166 on the west. They link the Tehachapis and Temblor Range and form the southern wall of the San Joaquin Valley. The range is named after Emygdius, an early Christian martyr.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range is within Kern County. The highest point is Frazier Mountain at 8,017 ft. As with most of the Transverse Ranges, the mountains generally lie in an east-west direction.</p><br>
<p>Towns or settlements near the San Emigdio Mountains include Frazier Park, Lake of the Woods, and Pine Mountain Club.</p><br>
<h2>Highest peaks</h2><br>
<p>San Emigdio Mountain 7,492 ft</p><br>
<p>Tecuya Mountain 7,160+ ft (2,182+ m)</p><br>
<p>Escapula Peak 7,080+ ft (2,158+ m)</p><br>
<p>Brush Mountain 7,048 ft (2,148 m)</p><br>
<p>Antimony Peak 6,848 ft (2,087 m)</p><br>
<p>Eagle Rest Peak 6,005 ft (1,830 m)</p><br>
<h2>Adjacent ranges</h2><br>
<p>Adjacent Transverse Ranges, with their wildlife corridors, include:</p><br>
<p>Tehachapi Mountains — on the northeast</p><br>
<p>Sierra Pelona Mountains — on the east</p><br>
<p>Santa Susana Mountains - (to the south)</p><br>
<p>Topatopa Mountains — on the southwest</p><br>
<p>San Rafael Mountains - (to the west)</p><br>
<p>Santa Ynez Mountains - (to the southwest)</p><br>
<p>and San Joaquin Valley — on the north</p><br>
<p>Stagville Plantation is located in Durham County, North Carolina. With buildings constructed from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, Stagville was part of one of the largest plantation complexes in the American South. The entire complex was owned by the Bennehan and Cameron families; it comprised roughly 30,000 acre and was home to almost 900 enslaved African-Americans in 1860.</p><br>
<p>The remains of Historic Stagville consist of 71 acre, in three tracts, and provide a unique look at North Carolina&#39;s history and general infrastructure in the antebellum South. Among structures on the Stagville site are several historic houses and barns, including the original Bennehan House and some of the original slave quarters, which were in an area known as Horton Grove.</p><br>
<p>The Bennehan House, built 1787 with a large addition in 1799, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973; Horton Grove, an area of two-story slave residences built in 1850, was listed in 1978. The slave residences are well preserved and are the only two-story slave quarters remaining in North Carolina. Significant archaeological finds around the quarters have given archaeologists and historians a glimpse into the lives of the many enslaved people who lived and worked at Stagville and throughout the Bennehan-Cameron holdings.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, Liggett and Meyers Tobacco Company, which had owned and worked the land for decades, donated some of the acreage to the state of North Carolina, which now operates the property as Historic Stagville State Historic Site, a historic house museum, which belongs to the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.</p><br>
<p>Shek Pik Reservoir is a reservoir in Shek Pik on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Built between 1957 and 1963, it has a storage capacity of 24 million cubic metres and is the third largest reservoir in Hong Kong after High Island Reservoir and Plover Cove Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Shek Pik Reservoir is located within Lantau South Country Park. It is surrounded by the following areas: Kau Nga Ling (east), Keung Shan (west), Muk Yue Shan and Sz Tsz Tau Shan (north). The top of the main dam is part of Keng Shan Road which connects Tai O with Cheung Sha, Mui Wo and Tung Chung. Below the dam is Shek Pik Prison managed by the Hong Kong Correctional Services.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1950s, water became short in Hong Kong. To relieve the problem the Hong Kong Government decided to build a reservoir in Shek Pik Heung valley and to further develop Lantau Island. The main contractor for the reservoir scheme was Soletanche, a French company.</p><br>
<p>Prior to construction there were four villages, Shek Pik Tai Tseun, Fan Pui Tsuen, Kong Pui Tsuen and Hang Tsai Tseun, in the valley. They were all relocated as part of the reservoir construction.</p><br>
<p>A Hau Wong Temple was located there and was inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960.</p><br>
